TerraMosaic Daily Digest: October 22, 2026
Daily Summary
Long landslide runout depends on the ground encountered after failure. Field evidence, ring-shear tests and modelling of alluvial-basin interactions show how impact can generate excess pore pressure and reduce basal resistance; the strongest impact does not necessarily produce the farthest travel. The Caotan investigation adds a field reconstruction of an earthquake-triggered loess slide that became a mobile mudflow on gentle terrain. Rainfall-threshold studies in Brazil and Durban address an earlier stage of the hazard chain, with the Durban results making the detection trade-off between threshold levels explicit.
The spatial representation of forcing and terrain also changes what a hazard assessment identifies. Three Gorges susceptibility work aggregates pixel predictions into slope units and uses InSAR deformation to prioritize investigation. In Louisiana, spatially varying storm realizations expose buildings missed by a uniform design storm. These studies support more geographically specific assessment, while distinguishing investigation priorities and spatial damage composites from prospective failure probabilities or annualized flood risk.
Hydrological and engineering papers show why physical constraints remain necessary even when a model fits observations well. Glacier-hydrology experiments reveal that strong streamflow scores can conceal excessive simulated ice melt. Antarctic experiments show that returning climate forcing may not reverse committed ice loss over the modelled period. River vegetation, pier-scour and tunnel-drainage studies examine related questions at smaller scales: how geometry, material state and boundary conditions redirect flow and redistribute stress.
Key Trends
Today's selected work links triggering, movement and exposure with the material and spatial conditions that govern each stage.
- Substrate response changes landslide mobility: Alluvial-basin experiments separate impact-induced weakening from erosion and added volume. The Caotan field investigation follows an earthquake-triggered slide into a long-travel mudflow, emphasizing the transition between failure and downstream movement.
- Rainfall thresholds require an explicit decision role: Brazilian half-life indices incorporate rainfall timing, while Durban thresholds show markedly different event-detection rates. Antecedent wetness and local inventory structure remain central to interpretation and transfer.
- Spatial aggregation shapes assessment outcomes: Pixel-to-slope-unit mapping changes landslide-management priorities. Storm transposition changes flood exposure through rainfall placement, and long-term gully monitoring links local incision to catchment sediment delivery.
- Good fit can conceal compensating physical errors: Glacier constraints improve melt partitioning even when streamflow metrics deteriorate. Terrain-generalization tests likewise show why a narrow metric advantage should be separated from loss of landform completeness or interpolation-driven gains.
- Protection performance depends on geometry and state: Vegetation height changes bank-side stress patterns, pier spacing changes scour interaction, and tunnel drainage configuration changes lining pressure. Each result retains its tested boundary conditions rather than defining a universal protection factor.
Selected Papers
The list begins with landslide runout, field investigations, rainfall thresholds and spatial hazard assessment. Coastal and underground-engineering studies, recovery research and specific observation or modelling methods broaden the coverage. All papers appear in one descending relevance-score sequence, with each entry retaining the scope of its evidence.
1. Runout mechanism of landslides in alluvial basins with emphasis on the impact and erosion effects
Core Problem: Impact on saturated basin sediment can alter mobility as well as entrain material.
Key Innovation: Field evidence, impact-loading ring-shear tests and numerical modelling link transient pore-pressure generation to reduced basal resistance. The longest simulated runout does not simply follow the highest impact force; substrate stiffness, compressibility and impact duration matter. The tested relationships are not universal field runout limits.
2. Initiation mechanism and movement characteristics of the catastrophic Caotan landslide triggered by the Ms 6.2 Jishishan earthquake on 18 December 2023 in Gansu, northwestern China
Core Problem: Gentle downstream terrain can remain exposed when an initial slide transforms into a mobile flow.
Key Innovation: Field surveys, UAV mapping, drilling, trenches and in-situ tests reconstruct the 2023 Caotan event after the Jishishan earthquake. The study interprets initiation and slide-to-mudflow transition from site evidence; it does not establish a calibrated probability or warning threshold for other loess slopes.
3. Exploring rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides using effective half-life precipitation indices and cluster analysis: a case study in Santos and Guarujá, Brazil
Core Problem: Antecedent wetness and rainfall timing complicate occurrence and non-occurrence separation.
Key Innovation: Half-life rainfall indices and clustering are evaluated for Santos and Guarujá using 2018–2022 records. Reported predictive performance improves over simple indices, but the abstract does not define the 98% metric sufficiently to treat it as independently validated operational warning reliability.
4. Determination and analyses of rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation in the Greater Durban Metropolitan Region, Eastern South Africa
Core Problem: A high rainfall threshold can identify a narrower set of events while missing many landslides.
Key Innovation: Durban quantile thresholds are tested on 63 event–station pairs. Leave-one-out detection is 31.7% at the 70th percentile and 50.8% at the 50th percentile. Antecedent rainfall adds context; detection alone does not establish false-alarm performance, and the recurrence estimate assumes stationarity despite a rainfall trend.
5. Dynamic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using a PRSU Strategy and SBAS-InSAR Technology
Core Problem: Pixel predictions need translation into useful slope-management units without losing terrain information.
Key Innovation: The Three Gorges PRSU comparison combines pixel-to-slope aggregation with 166 Sentinel-1A scenes. The preferred configuration has a reported original-evaluation AUC of 0.819. Deformation-informed priorities support field investigation, not a prospective failure probability or validated warning lead time.
6. Flood exposure and structure damage under deterministic design-storm and stochastic storm transposition rainfall scenarios: a case study in South Louisiana, USA
Core Problem: Uniform design rainfall can miss exposure caused by the spatial organization of storms.
Key Innovation: Fifty storm-transposition realizations expose buildings missed by the uniform Atlas 14 scenario in Louisiana's Vermilion basin. Spatial composite loss is distinguished from individual-realization loss. The study does not estimate a full damage-frequency curve or expected annual damage, so its maximum composite is not an annualized risk estimate.
7. Coastal erosion processes along a high-energy beach in southwest India: insights from video monitoring and numerical modelling
Core Problem: Seasonal recovery can fail even where erosion-control structures have been installed.
Key Innovation: Video, field observations and MIKE 21 modelling document Valiyathura beach recession and its changing wave environment. Storms, swells, structures and seasonal forcing contribute to the site interpretation; the observed 45 m recession is a particular transition-period result, not a regional annual retreat rate.
8. Compound and cascading droughts in the Yangtze River Basin: unraveling causal interactions
Core Problem: Meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought can interact across different delays.
Key Innovation: Extended convergent cross mapping explores Yangtze drought propagation and possible reverse agricultural-to-meteorological links. The time-series evidence suggests feedback hypotheses, but reconstruction-based directionality does not by itself exclude shared drivers or establish intervention-level causal effects.
9. Long-term development of a rejuvenated gully in the light of conventional and remote sensing surveys — Case study from the Lublin Upland (Eastern Poland)
Core Problem: Episodic incision can dominate sediment delivery despite intervening stabilization.
Key Innovation: A 27-year Polish catchment record combines conventional monitoring with repeated TLS to track a rejuvenated gully. Rainstorms and snowmelt play different transport roles. The strong erosion–yield relationship supports a site-based sediment-source interpretation rather than an exact causal share established by correlation alone.
10. Returning Climate to Present Day May not Reduce Antarctic Mass Loss
Core Problem: Returning climate forcing to an earlier state may not reverse committed ice dynamics.
Key Innovation: BISICLES experiments contrast climate return and stabilization through 2200. Outcomes depend strongly on forcing model and intervention timing; a late return can initially yield more net loss because warmer stabilization also increases surface mass balance. This does not show that cooling is universally ineffective or justify a dated collapse forecast.
11. Scour evolution and pier interaction in three-pier tandem arrangements
Core Problem: Spacing changes how several piers share and redistribute local scour.
Key Innovation: Clear-water flume tests track three tandem piers across spacings of one to five diameters. A spacing-dependent model captures a transition from group-controlled to more individual behavior and is compared with selected literature data. Reported best-fit scores are not uniform accuracy guarantees for flood debris or live-bed conditions.
12. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Surface Lineaments and Seismic b-Values Associated with Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes
Core Problem: Retrospective surface-lineament changes may have different seismological associations across events.
Key Innovation: Landsat lineaments and b-values show a significant inverse association at Ridgecrest but no robust spatial-block association at El Mayor–Cucapah. The contrasting cases constrain interpretation; they do not establish a transferable earthquake precursor or prospective prediction skill.
13. Limit support pressure for tunnel faces incorporating improved soil arching effects under seepage conditions
Core Problem: Seepage and filter-cake permeability affect the pressure needed to maintain a tunnel face.
Key Innovation: A transient 3D seepage field feeds upper-bound wedge–prism analysis and is compared with the Maliuzhou field pressures. Calculated limits lie below maintained slurry pressures; this consistency is not direct measurement of collapse pressure or proof of a universal safety margin.
14. Study on the comparison of tunnel drainage systems and the mechanism of drainage-induced pressure relief in water-rich formations
Core Problem: Drain layout and groundwater head change the lining pressure field.
Key Innovation: Physical tests compare circumferential and external drainage, locating pressure peaks between drains and configuration-dependent relief. The study's normalized relief indices are not literal percentage reductions in water pressure, and the tested profiles require geometry- and head-specific interpretation.
15. Anthropogenic Regulation Decouples Sediment Fluxes From Environmental Drivers in the Upper Lhasa River Basin of the Tibetan Plateau
Core Problem: Reservoir regulation can weaken the link between environmental forcing and downstream sediment flux.
Key Innovation: Upper Lhasa records show a much larger post-dam reduction in suspended sediment than in discharge. Double-mass and synchrony analyses support a regulation-related regime shift, while percentage attribution remains dependent on the observational framework rather than a uniquely identified causal partition.
16. Influence of Floodplain Subsurface Composition on Peatland Stream Channel Mobility
Core Problem: Floodplain material can change stream mobility within the same peatland system.
Key Innovation: Imagery, cores, dating and monitoring show faster migration in a mixed sand–peat reach than in a peat-dominated reach. The erosion model is calibrated with imagery-derived mobility, so model agreement is not an independent validation of the inferred material control.
17. Emergent and Submerged States of a Bank‐Attached Vegetation Patch: Wake Recovery and Near‐Bank Stress
Core Problem: A vegetation patch can change the extent and location of sheltered and high-stress zones.
Key Innovation: Fixed-bed tests compare an emergent patch with a shortened, overtopped canopy at fixed flow depth and discharge. The difference represents a combined canopy-height and frontal-area change, not a controlled stage-rise experiment or a direct observation of sediment erosion.
18. Long‐Term Simulations of Bar Dynamics in Compound Channels Under Climate Change
Core Problem: Bar-height responses to changed flow frequency depend on channel geometry.
Key Innovation: Nonlinear simulation parameters improve a reduced bar-dynamics model for compound channels. The climate experiment assumes fixed channel width under bank protection; the sign of the mean-height response varies with width and discharge distribution rather than increasing uniformly.
19. Nature-inspired resilience: A macroscopic numerical modelling study of wave interactions with artificial reefs
Core Problem: Artificial-reef performance needs a credible representation of wave–structure interaction.
Key Innovation: Verified title-level scope: macroscopic numerical modelling of nature-inspired reef protection. The supplied bacterial-ecology abstract is unrelated and is not used. Reef geometry, attenuation results and validation remain unassessed without a reliable matching abstract.
20. A wave attenuation formulation for sparse flexible canopies under combined wave–current conditions
Core Problem: Flexible canopy attenuation depends on both waves and currents.
Key Innovation: Verified title-level scope: a formulation for sparse flexible canopies under combined forcing. A matching abstract could not be independently established in the available source checks, so no particular solver, validation result or attenuation gain is attributed to the paper.
21. Influence of near-fault earthquake directionality on the seismic response of a jacket-supported offshore wind turbine
Core Problem: Near-fault motion direction may affect structural response.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: earthquake directionality for a jacket-supported offshore wind turbine. Ground-motion selection, directional amplification and damage implications remain unassessed without a reliable matching abstract.
22. Numerical investigation of local scour around a gooseneck bend and its adjacent horizontal pipeline under steady currents
Core Problem: A bend and its adjacent horizontal pipeline can interact with local flow and erosion.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: numerical local-scour investigation around a gooseneck bend under steady currents. Scour depths, model validation and transfer to waves or mobile-bed flooding cannot be inferred from the available record.
23. Review article: Climate hazards in African cities – knowledge gaps and research needs
Core Problem: Uneven research coverage can leave growing cities and interacting hazards poorly characterized.
Key Innovation: A semi-systematic review of 272 studies finds strong geographic and hazard imbalance in African urban research. The synthesis identifies gaps in combined-hazard and future urban–climate analysis; publication concentration is not a direct map of actual hazard severity.
24. A multi-criteria decision-making framework for national-scale flood vulnerability mapping in Bangladesh: an AHP–GIS approach
Core Problem: Physical exposure, social factors and resilience require transparent aggregation.
Key Innovation: A national Bangladesh AHP–GIS workflow combines ten indicators. The weighted index depends on class and weight choices; comparisons with water-index and flood-history data do not by themselves validate every social-vulnerability or resilience component.
25. VSTAR-G: Cloud-Based Tool for Global Detection and Quantification of Volcanic SO2 Plumes Using TROPOMI and Machine Learning Approach
Core Problem: Satellite plume analysis needs accessible tools for repeated spatial and temporal queries.
Key Innovation: VSTAR-G packages an existing SO2 detection algorithm in Google Earth Engine for more than 200 volcanoes. Interactive mass estimates depend on plume-height products and satellite retrieval assumptions; the interface does not establish eruption prediction or a newly validated global detection algorithm.
26. Identifying Cloud Regimes and Their Transitions Related to Extreme Precipitation Events over the Alps Through Self-Supervised Learning
Core Problem: Cloud organization and its transitions provide context for convective extremes.
Key Innovation: Self-supervised Meteosat representations identify early, deep and anvil regimes and event-associated pathways over the Alps. These observational associations support model evaluation and event characterization, not a demonstrated prospective hail or flood-warning system.
27. Landslides impacting road infrastructure under climate and weather influences: a systematic literature review with descriptive bibliometric insights
Core Problem: Hazard maps often omit the consequences needed for road-network risk assessment.
Key Innovation: An 80-study review traces climate inputs, landslide processes and infrastructure impacts. Few studies complete a climate-to-network risk chain. The proposed integration framework is a research and planning synthesis rather than a tested operational road-risk model.
28. A dynamic Bayesian network-based resilience assessment of rail systems under extreme weather
Core Problem: Failure and recovery processes can produce different trajectories of service loss.
Key Innovation: A dynamic Bayesian-network case study compares short- and long-duration weather disruptions. Sensitivity highlights failure and repair rates, but those rankings remain conditional on network structure, parameterization and the considered scenarios.
29. Adapting a large-scale disaster recovery program to different community contexts: An evaluation of the Australian Red Cross 2019-2020 Black Summer Bushfire Recovery Program
Core Problem: A large recovery program may need different approaches across community contexts.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: evaluation of the Australian Red Cross Black Summer recovery program. Sampling, community outcomes and evidence for program effectiveness remain unassessed without a matching abstract.
30. Recovery without recovery: Adaptation and unresolved loss following the Jagersfontein mine tailings disaster.
Core Problem: Adaptation can coexist with unresolved losses after a mine-tailings disaster.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: recovery and unresolved loss following Jagersfontein. The available citation supports the topic, but not causal conclusions about recovery measures or quantified community outcomes.
31. Post-disaster business continuity expenditures and business recovery speed: Evidence from the July 2018 Heavy Rainfall Event in Japan
Core Problem: Continuity spending and recovery speed may be linked through several business and event characteristics.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: the July 2018 Japanese heavy-rainfall event. Expenditure effects, confounding control and the strength of any causal interpretation remain unassessed without a matching abstract.
32. Variation in RUSLE-estimated soil erosion responses to land use/land cover change across major climate zone
Core Problem: Estimated land-use effects can differ across climate settings.
Key Innovation: Verified title-level scope: RUSLE-estimated responses across major climate zones. The supplied abstract instead describes a specific Ethiopian watershed and is not used for findings. Geographic coverage, numerical changes and validation await a reliable matching abstract.
33. Mechanism of gas migration and release in magmatic high-pressure gas reservoirs induced by deep-buried tunnel excavation
Core Problem: Excavation may alter gas migration from deep magmatic reservoirs.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: tunnel-induced migration and release from high-pressure gas reservoirs. Gas pressures, migration pathways, mitigation effectiveness and validation cannot be inferred from the available record.
34. A scalable multimodal remote sensing deep learning framework for automated detection of active slow-moving landslides in hazard-prone mountainous regions
Core Problem: Large mountain regions need scalable identification of active deformation.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: multimodal remote-sensing deep learning for automated active-landslide detection. Inventory independence, detection accuracy and transfer across regions remain unassessed without a matching abstract.
35. Seismic fragility assessment of historic masonry façades: integrating micro-CT material characterization and large-scale vulnerability modeling
Core Problem: Material-scale variability can affect large-scale vulnerability estimates.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: masonry-façade fragility incorporating micro-CT characterization. The link between sample properties, structural modelling and validated earthquake response cannot be assessed from the title alone.
36. A knowledge-constrained CBR–RAG framework for emergency rescue in blockage-type tunnel collapses: a case study of the Tianshengqiao Tunnel
Core Problem: Rescue planning needs traceable cases, constraints and checks for secondary-collapse risk.
Key Innovation: A knowledge-constrained CBR–RAG workflow retrieves evidence and checks generated plans against rules, using Tianshengqiao as an independent case. Case identification and rule compliance do not establish real-time rescue safety, comparative operational benefit or successful field execution.
37. Stiffness compatibility in geosynthetic-reinforced column-supported embankment widening over soft ground: numerical insights and a design framework
Core Problem: Existing and widened foundations can deform differently because of inherited stiffness contrasts.
Key Innovation: Numerical experiments relate reinforcement extent to localized versus distributed settlement and introduce a stiffness-continuity index. Suggested spacings and reductions are configuration-specific design insights, not universal field criteria.
38. Physical model test on deterioration mechanism of supporting system performance for deep high geothermal layered rock tunnels
Core Problem: Layered rock and high temperature may change support-system performance.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: physical model testing of deterioration mechanisms in deep geothermal layered-rock tunnels. Thermal conditions, scale effects and capacity losses remain unassessed without a matching abstract.
39. A Global Centroid Catalog of S‐Wave Microseisms: Insights Into the Role of Sedimentary Layers
Core Problem: Sedimentary layers influence the distribution and polarization of ambient seismic sources.
Key Innovation: A 2004–2024 Hi-net analysis constructs SV/SH microseism centroids and examines sedimentary resonance. The catalog concerns ocean-generated ambient microseisms, not earthquake hypocenters, and is conditioned on the study's detection and P-wave proximity selection.
40. Conditional Mean Flows for Frequency-Domain Scattered Wavefield Generation
Core Problem: Repeated frequency-domain wavefield solutions can make inversion costly.
Key Innovation: Conditional mean flows generate scattered wavefields with background-field conditioning and OpenFWI evaluation. One-step errors and speed improve in tested settings; geological imaging accuracy, uncertainty calibration and hazard prediction require separate evaluation.
41. GeoAgent: Contract-Constrained LLM Agents for Seismic Data Processing
Core Problem: Long seismic-processing chains can fail through artifact, geometry and parameter mismatches.
Key Innovation: GeoAgent constrains tool use through explicit contracts and validates outputs in a nine-stage 2D land-data example. Demonstrated processing completion is not evidence of broad autonomous scientific correctness or earthquake-forecasting capability.
42. MVLoMa: Multi-View Local Feature Matching with Any Geometry Foundation Model
Core Problem: Pairwise image matching repeats computation and can miss complementary geometric evidence.
Key Innovation: MVLoMa jointly matches star-graph views using a frozen geometry encoder and visibility-aware supervision. Multi-benchmark pose improvements support reconstruction workflows, while field-survey accuracy and landslide-change detection remain separate tasks.
43. Modelling wide-swath altimeter observation-error correlations with a regularised diffusion operator
Core Problem: Correlated wide-swath errors can make small spatial perturbations unstable in assimilation.
Key Innovation: A regularized diffusion operator is tested in global ocean assimilation with simulated SWOT observations. These experiments establish controlled numerical behavior, rather than performance on independently measured real SWOT errors or inland flood forecasts.
44. RheOPT: Few-Shot Non-Newtonian Flow Prediction via Newtonian Pretraining of RheOFormer
Core Problem: Few costly target simulations limit learning of rate- and history-dependent flows.
Key Innovation: RheOPT transfers geometry-conditioned transport from Newtonian pretraining to several non-Newtonian cases. Benefits depend on geometry, normalization and diagnostics; the tests do not validate a debris-flow rheology or natural runout prediction.
45. Self-Supervised Multibeam Sonar Restoration via Coherent Forward Modeling
Core Problem: Sonar blur and coherent speckle are difficult to separate without clean reference images.
Key Innovation: A coherent forward model supports self-supervised restoration using registered multi-frame sonar. Improved forward agreement and boundary preservation do not establish ground-truth reflectivity or independently measured seabed-change accuracy.
46. HiP3R: Hierarchical Pose Graphs for Long-Horizon 3D Reconstruction
Core Problem: Chunk-based reconstruction can accumulate scale drift and inconsistent frame estimates.
Key Innovation: HiP3R combines chunk-level Sim(3) optimization with a shared frame-level trajectory, evaluated across reconstruction benchmarks. Better camera geometry is a supporting capability, without direct validation of slope deformation or disaster mapping.
47. Characterizing Climate-Driven Shifts in Chilean Rainfall Regimes with a Hybrid Hidden Markov–Copula Framework
Core Problem: Regime transitions and residual spatial dependence describe different parts of rainfall variability.
Key Innovation: A Chilean hidden-Markov/copula framework models winter regimes and extremes. Its 2022 ensembles are conditioned on decoded states; interval coverage and parameter-to-observation counts do not alone establish prospective forecast skill or model identifiability.
48. Integrating a global glacier model into local hydrological modeling: Impacts on melt contributions
Core Problem: Good discharge fit can conceal incorrect glacier and snow contributions.
Key Innovation: Fourteen Swiss catchments show that unconstrained hydrological models can use excessive glacier melt to compensate for forcing biases. Coupling to mass-balance-calibrated GloGEM improves melt partitioning despite weaker streamflow metrics, supporting physically constrained impact assessment.
49. Using initial states to identify successful El Niño–Southern Oscillation forecasts 1 year in advance
Core Problem: ENSO forecast skill can depend strongly on the phase at initialization.
Key Innovation: Dynamical hindcasts show better one-year transition forecasts from some initial states. The reported conditional success rate is not uniform across phases, a newly established warning system or demonstrated local flood/drought skill.
50. Fracture mechanisms in stress-induced anisotropic granite
Core Problem: Isotropic velocity assumptions can distort inferred source mechanisms in loading-damaged rock.
Key Innovation: Four granite specimens develop stress-induced anisotropy, changing non-double-couple moment-tensor components more than principal-axis orientations. The experiment informs laboratory fracture interpretation, not a field rockburst or earthquake-warning criterion.
51. GUF-Net: Gated Uncertainty-Aware Fusion Network for Robust Building Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images
Core Problem: Image noise can create false building changes or weaken feature fusion.
Key Innovation: GUF-Net combines supervised evidential uncertainty with gated fusion and is tested on clean and synthetically degraded benchmarks. Robust F1 results do not themselves establish calibrated disaster uncertainty or earthquake-damage classification.
52. PSeq-Net: End-to-End Sparse-Global Sequence Modeling for Bridge Detection in Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery
Core Problem: Cropping high-resolution images can fragment long-span bridge detections.
Key Innovation: PSeq-Net predicts quadrilateral sequences using sparse global context on GLH-Bridge. Detection and localization gains support asset mapping; recognizing a bridge is distinct from evaluating its structural condition after a disaster.
53. A Feature-Fusion Convolutional Neural Network for Terrain Generalization
Core Problem: Terrain abstraction must balance dominant structures against elevation and network completeness.
Key Innovation: Geographically independent TG-CNN tests find aggressive, precise ridge–valley filtering but poorer elevation and F1 performance than interpolation. Improvement in fused elevation accuracy comes mainly from the interpolation share, limiting claims of deep-learning superiority.
54. Study on the Coupling Effect of the Strain Rate and Sample Size on the Rock Average Fragment Size
Core Problem: Strain rate and specimen size jointly affect fragmentation statistics.
Key Innovation: A defect-activation/coalescence model incorporates size effects and is compared with existing experiments. The resulting relationship supports fragmentation modelling within its assumptions, rather than directly establishing field rock-avalanche block sizes.
55. Electrical Resistivity Tomography of Karst Features and Fractured Limestone in the Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
Core Problem: Low resistivity may reflect clay-rich fractures as well as water- or sediment-filled dissolution features.
Key Innovation: Cross-profile ERT at five Riyadh sites integrates anomaly geometry and structural context. Proposed dissolution features remain interpretations requiring ground investigation; a conductivity threshold does not uniquely prove a cavity or quantify collapse probability.
56. Comprehensive Assessment of ICESat-2/ATLAS Geolocation Performance and Temporal Stability During 2019–2025 over Eastern Xinjiang, China
Core Problem: Long-term position stability affects repeat measurements and sensor fusion.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: ICESat-2/ATLAS geolocation and temporal stability over eastern Xinjiang during 2019–2025. Reference measurements, errors and terrain dependence remain unassessed without a matching abstract.
57. Diffusion-augmented detection and quantitative characterization of rock joint traces using orthogonal adaptive sampling
Core Problem: Joint-trace extraction and characterization depend on image sampling and interpretation.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: diffusion-augmented detection with orthogonal adaptive sampling. Geological completeness, geometric errors and field generalization remain unassessed without a matching abstract.
58. A 5-year assessment of radar quantitative precipitation estimates during the cool season over the Midwest and Eastern United States
Core Problem: Radar precipitation estimates need evaluation across seasons and event types.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: a five-year cool-season QPE assessment over the Midwest and eastern United States. Bias, extreme-event performance and independent gauge validation remain unassessed without a matching abstract.
59. FiniteLayer: Saturated finite layer under local thermal gradient considering thermo-osmosis effect
Core Problem: A finite insulated, impermeable base can change thermally driven pore-pressure accumulation.
Key Innovation: Analytical THM solutions include thermo-osmosis in a locally heated finite layer and compare it with half-space behavior. The resulting pressure and deformation patterns depend on idealized boundaries and are not a validated site-specific barrier-failure prediction.
60. Data-driven modeling of macro-micro coupling in granite damage: From DEM to GCN-based AE prediction
Core Problem: Macro-scale damage and acoustic emissions need a defensible link to simulated microstructure.
Key Innovation: Title-level scope: granite DEM-to-GCN coupling for acoustic-emission prediction. Training diversity, physical validation and transfer from simulation to field monitoring remain unassessed.