TerraMosaic Daily Digest: Jan 26, 2026
Daily Summary
This digest synthesizes 281 selected papers and focuses on seismic source-to-ground response pathways, flood generation, routing, and hydroclimatic forcing, wildfire hazard dynamics and adaptation. Top-ranked studies examine landslide susceptibility mapping, satellite and LiDAR-based deformation monitoring, and seismic source-to-ground response pathways.
Across the full set, evidence converges on mechanism-constrained analysis with operational relevance, especially for infrastructure-focused hazard performance and coastal and submarine hydro-geomechanics. The strongest contributions pair interpretable process evidence with monitoring or forecasting workflows that support warning design and risk prioritization.
Key Trends
- Seismic hazard research links source behavior to ground response: Recurring topics connect rupture or loading conditions with geotechnical performance and consequence assessment.
- Flood analyses are becoming event-specific and process-based: Papers emphasize precipitation structure, antecedent wetness, and catchment controls rather than static hazard descriptors.
- Wildfire research is integrated with broader geohazard management: Physical drivers, landscape controls, and operational planning are analyzed together to evaluate cascade risk.
- Infrastructure-facing outputs are increasingly decision-ready: Asset performance is evaluated with uncertainty-aware frameworks to support mitigation and maintenance prioritization.
- Coastal and submarine hazards are treated as coupled systems: Wave, mass-transport, and shoreline processes are analyzed together with engineering implications.
Selected Papers
This digest features 281 selected papers from 1946 RSS items analyzed across multiple journals. Each paper has been evaluated for its relevance to landslide and broader geohazard research and includes links to the original publications.
1. Enhancing liquefaction analysis of the coastal area in Bengkulu City, Indonesia using data-driven techniques
Core Problem: Bengkulu City, located along the active Sumatra Subduction Zone, faces a high risk of liquefaction due to its geological formation, which consists of saturated Holocene coastal deposits.
Key Innovation: This study developed data-driven techniques using a deep neural network (DNN) to enhance subsoil data derived from microtremor and borehole measurements to support spatially continuous liquefaction hazard mapping.
2. Laboratory observations of long wave inundation of shorelines in the shadow of islands
Core Problem: Observations of coastal inundation on the western coast of South Pagai Island (Indonesia) in the wake of the 2010 Mentawais tsunami revealed up to 50 % more inundation in areas in the shadow zone of a large island (locat...
Key Innovation: A series of laboratory tests of long waves impacting islands were conducted to verify this observation.
3. Long term evolution of deep banner banks offshore Brittany (France): paleo-coast line markers and interactions between hydrodynamics and seafloor morphology
Core Problem: This study focusses on the development and evolution of a banner banks set located offshore the Britanny coast (Iroise Sea, France) using multibeam bathymetric data, high-resolution seismic data, and grab samples.
Key Innovation: It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of environmental parameters underpinning the long-term evolution and preservation of these major morpho-sedimentary bedforms.
4. Brittle and Crystal‐Plastic Defect Dynamics of Calcite Single Crystals
Core Problem: The response of Earth materials to stress has a first‐order control on solid‐Earth dynamics ranging from earthquakes to volcanic eruptions to landslides.
Key Innovation: We demonstrate that brittle cracking co‐occurs with crystal‐plastic twinning deformation.
5. Transformations of alpine tundra ecosystems over the last millennium in the Changbai Mountains of Northeast China
Core Problem: Alpine tundra and treeline vegetation are highly sensitive to climate change, and paleo-records are essential for documenting and understanding past ecological response.
Key Innovation: Here, we use multiple proxies derived from peat soil cores—including AMS 14 C dating, plant macrofossils, pollen, and Sphagnum cellulose δ 13 C and δ 18 O—to investigate how small peat-accumulating patches and treeline v...
6. Emulation of peak storm surge across extended spatial domains using separable Gaussian Process techniques
Core Problem: Data-driven emulation of peak storm surge has emerged as a popular strategy for overcoming limitations arising from the computational burden of high-fidelity hydrodynamic numerical models used within coastal risk assessm...
Key Innovation: The surrogate models (also known as metamodels) used for this emulation are developed using suites of synthetic storm simulations, and once calibrated, can replace the original high-fidelity model to establish prediction...
7. Experimental investigation of mechanisms leading to tsunami-driven debris damming on elevated structures
Core Problem: This study aims to understand tsunami-driven debris damming mechanisms by quantifying the debris dam characteristics, including their effects on damming forces, and assessing the key influencing factors of debris, flow,...
Key Innovation: Experiments were conducted at a 1:20 scale to mimic tsunami-driven debris damming at an isolated column structure.
8. Recent Developments in Tsunami Preparedness in the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Region: Challenges, Strengths, and Weaknesses
Core Problem: Tsunamis pose a low-frequency but high-impact hazard to coastal communities in the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (NEAM) region.
Key Innovation: They are destructive, and their occurrence cannot be predicted.
9. Influence of Posidonia oceanica accumulation on beach morphodynamics: A remote sensing study
Core Problem: Beach morphology is influenced by climate-related changes, such as rising sea levels, shifting weather patterns, and storms, as well as human activities, making continuous monitoring essential for understanding its evolu...
Key Innovation: Within this dynamic context, some beaches develop morphological features that help attenuate the impact of high-energy events, effectively acting as natural barriers against coastal erosion and flooding.
10. Bank erosion modeling in the Middle Yangtze River: New dynamic model vs. HEC-RAS
Core Problem: Bank erosion is a critical geomorphic process resulting from the complex interaction between flow-sediment dynamics and riverbed boundaries, posing significant threats to flood control and navigation safety.
Key Innovation: Accurate prediction of such events remains challenging due to the intricate coupling of river water, groundwater, and soil mechanics.
11. Quaternary volcanism and segmented rupture of the Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone, NE China
Core Problem: Although it has been speculated that the Quaternary volcanism may have affected the segmented rupture of active faults, the underlying mechanism remains unknown.
Key Innovation: The NE-trending, ∼700 km-long Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone (YYFZ), as the main branch of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone (TLFZ) in NE China, provides a very good laboratory to verify this hypothesis, given its distinct Quater...
12. Spatiotemporal sediment dynamics and vegetation recovery of a Mediterranean coastal dune system following an extreme event
Core Problem: As a result, coastal dunes are particularly sensitive to natural and human-induced disturbances, which can disrupt their ecological and geomorphological equilibrium, posing significant challenges for their conservation.
Key Innovation: However, these systems are highly sensitive to anthropogenic pressures such as urbanization or land-use changes, which alter sediment dynamics and vegetation cover, ultimately reducing their resilience to environmental s...
13. Changes in hydrological regime regulate POC export across permafrost-dominated Arctic River basins
Core Problem: Warming-driven acceleration of hydrological processes is altering the carbon cycle in permafrost-dominated Arctic regions, yet the underlying drivers remain unclear.
Key Innovation: This study analyzes ArcticGRO data (2003–2021) from six major Arctic rivers (Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie) to investigate trends and spatial–temporal variations in riverine particulate organic carbon (...
14. The source-to-surface journey of volatile-flooded magmas: The archetypal case of the Campi Flegrei unrest Caldera
Core Problem: We attempt to reconstruct the architecture of the magmatic feeding system of the Campi Flegrei volcanic field, currently experiencing an unrest phase threatening several hundred thousand people, to shed light on the proc...
Key Innovation: To this aim, we provide for the first time a complete chemical dataset (major, trace and volatile elements, including hydrogen isotopes) of melt inclusions and their host pyroxenes.
15. Hydroacoustic Observations of the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption: The Role of Bathymetry Along the Path
Core Problem: The 15 January 2022 submarine volcanic eruption of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai released immense energy throughout the ocean, solid Earth, and atmosphere.
Key Innovation: We analyze mid‐oceanic column acoustic pressure recordings from 24 freely drifting Mobile Earthquake Recorder in Marine Areas by Independent Divers sensors, and from 11 moored hydrophones in the International Monitoring...
16. Imaging of Magma Intrusion Below La Palma During a Strong Effusive Eruption in 2021 Inferred From Repeated Seismic Tomography
Core Problem: The 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja on La Palma, Canary Islands, provided a unique opportunity to investigate the dynamics of magma migration and storage during a large effusive eruption.
Key Innovation: In this study, we employ repeated seismic tomography to image temporal changes in the subsurface structure beneath La Palma, using body‐wave travel times from local earthquakes recorded before and during the eruption.
17. Horizontal vibration characteristics of end bearing pile under SH wave in saturated frozen soil considering the influence of superstructure
Core Problem: In practical engineering, the horizontal vibration of pile foundations in saturated frozen soil areas under the action of seismic SH waves is affected by the vertical loads induced by the superstructure.
Key Innovation: To address this issue, this study establishes a horizontal vibration model of piles in saturated frozen soil considering the SH wave-vertical load coupling effect.
18. Urban underground space for resilient cities
Core Problem: Underground structures are inherently resilient against damage caused by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, but they can be at higher risk of damage due to sudden flooding.
Key Innovation: This paper explores the role underground space plays in urban resilience, considering both short-term events and long-term changes.
19. Beach monitoring: Do we need to survey to spring low tide?
Core Problem: By reducing the seaward extent of the survey, the incurred costs and risks to the survey schedule could be greatly reduced.
Key Innovation: However, collecting topographic beach data is possible for only a few days per month.
20. Enhanced rock block detection method based on an improved YOLOv11
Core Problem: Traditional rock block detection methods face challenges of insufficient accuracy and poor real-time performance in complex geological environments.
Key Innovation: This paper proposes an enhanced rock block detection method based on an improved YOLOv11, which integrates a lightweight Slim-Neck module into the YOLOv11 neck and replaces the original CIoU loss with SIoU loss, termed Y...
21. Abnormally Large Magma Flux Does Not Lead to Eruption in Subduction Zone Calderas: The 2022–2023 Episode of Uplift of Aniakchak Crater (Aleutians)
Core Problem: Observations of ground deformation provide insights on the triggering mechanisms of eruptions.
Key Innovation: At Aniakchak Crater (Aleutians) InSAR measured ∼72 cm of uplift in less than 7 months between 2022 and 2023.
22. Seismological Evidence of Multiple Crustal Magma Reservoirs Beneath Mt. Wrangell in Southcentral Alaska
Core Problem: Recent studies have challenged the classical view of magma chambers as ephemeral, melt‐rich bodies confined to shallow depths beneath arc volcanoes at subduction zones.
Key Innovation: Instead, increasing evidence supports the existence of long‐lived, vertically extensive magmatic systems with persistent partial melts within the crust.
23. Evolution of rockfall risk following changes in hazard and exposure: Application to a road section in the Zermatt valley, Swiss Alps
Core Problem: Due to rapid and intense socio-environmental transformations in rockfall-prone areas, risk assessment accounting for non-stationary conditions becomes a crucial issue for supporting long-term land-use zoning and adapting...
Key Innovation: During the past few decades, several studies have examined the impacts of global warming on rockfall activity, especially at high-elevation sites.
24. Crustal Sources of Geothermal and Magmatic Activity in the Area of Mutnovsky‐Gorely Volcanic Complex (Kamchatka) Inferred From Ambient Noise Tomography
Core Problem: The Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanoes in Kamchatka, located 70–80 km southwest of Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky, pose significant hazard due to their potential for explosive eruptions.
Key Innovation: This study presents the first crustal‐scale three‐dimensional seismic velocity model derived from ambient noise tomography, utilizing data from a temporary 2023–2024 seismic network of 65 mixed broadband and short‐period...
25. Crustal Structure Across the Okavango Rift, Botswana: The SEISORZ Wide‐Angle Seismic Experiment
Core Problem: The lack of syn‐rift magmatism and tectonic processes overprinting pre‐rift structures provide an opportunity to investigate incipient‐stage rift processes and the role of pre‐existing structures in rift initiation and s...
Key Innovation: We present SEISORZ, a ∼450‐km‐long wide‐angle seismic transect across the ORZ and neighboring tectonic terranes.
26. Deep Sources of Recent Volcanism in Armenia Inferred From Ambient Noise Tomography
Core Problem: We perform Rayleigh wave ambient noise tomography to investigate crustal seismic velocity structure and sources of volcanism in Armenia.
Key Innovation: This study presents the first seismic tomography model of Armenia with sufficient resolution to infer potential magma sources.
27. Seismic Anisotropy and Mantle Deformation Beneath Northeast China: Insight From Shear Wave Splitting Analysis
Core Problem: This study investigates upper mantle deformation beneath northeast (NE) China by reanalyzing shear wave splitting measurements from the WAVESArray network.
Key Innovation: This study investigates upper mantle deformation beneath northeast (NE) China by reanalyzing shear wave splitting measurements from the WAVESArray network.
28. Seismic Attenuation Tomography in Central Myanmar and Its Implications on Continental Subduction and Arc Magmatism
Core Problem: Magmatic processes during subduction and collision in orogenic belts are significant and well‐studied for oceanic subduction; however, the magmatism associated with continental subduction remains poorly understood.
Key Innovation: Magmatic processes during subduction and collision in orogenic belts are significant and well‐studied for oceanic subduction; however, the magmatism associated with continental subduction remains poorly understood.
29. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 408: A Hybrid Physics–Machine Learning Framework for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment with an Improved Non–Landslide Sampling Strategy
Core Problem: 18, Pages 408: A Hybrid Physics–Machine Learning Framework for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment with an Improved Non–Landslide Sampling Strategy Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18030408 Authors: Dalei Peng Maoyuan Chen...
Key Innovation: To improve susceptibility model accuracy, we propose an improved non–landslide sampling strategy that integrates the physical–model TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid–based Regional Slope–Stability Model) w...
30. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 411: An SBAS-InSAR Analysis and Assessment of Landslide Deformation in the Loess Plateau, China
Core Problem: Remote Sensing, Vol.
Key Innovation: 18, Pages 411: An SBAS-InSAR Analysis and Assessment of Landslide Deformation in the Loess Plateau, China Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18030411 Authors: Yan Yang Rongmei Liu Liang Wu Tao Wang Shoutao Jiao This study con...
31. An Efficient Computational Seismic Testbed of a Nuclear Power Plant Diesel Generator Building
Core Problem: The state-of-the-art in seismic hazard and risk assessment has evolved to encompass, among others, ground motion selection methods, clustered seismicity, and new fragility assessment approaches.
Key Innovation: In contrast, nuclear power plant safety assessment follows a more conservative path, adhering to established methods with limited scope for experimentation.
32. Study on the influence of temperature field during thawing and sinking process of tropical undersea tunnel based on pipe curtain freezing method
Core Problem: However, in addition to traditional construction challenges, tropical undersea tunnels also encounter significant risks related to freezing, thawing, and subsidence.
Key Innovation: However, in addition to traditional construction challenges, tropical undersea tunnels also encounter significant risks related to freezing, thawing, and subsidence.
33. Evaluating liquefaction exposure of road networks to support decision-making
Core Problem: Infrastructure agencies need decision-ready, network-scale liquefaction exposure estimates under both probabilistic hazard levels and specific earthquake scenarios.
Key Innovation: The study develops a dual assessment framework using New Zealand hazard-model return-period shaking and scenario earthquakes, and introduces a Number-of-Events indicator to identify network sections repeatedly exposed across multiple scenarios.
34. Field characterization of areas in İskenderun affected by liquefaction during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake
Core Problem: Liquefaction impacts observed in İskenderun after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş sequence require high-quality subsurface case histories to improve triggering and consequence assessment.
Key Innovation: A comprehensive post-earthquake investigation (40 CPTs and 7 SCPTs) across settlement and lateral-spread sites characterizes local stratigraphy and shaking conditions, creating a benchmark dataset for liquefaction studies in this urban coastal setting.
35. Impact of urban layout and ground motion directionality on building responses and damages in San Francisco during the Loma Prieta earthquake
Core Problem: Current regional seismic risk assessment methods do not take into account either ground motion directionality or building orientation.
Key Innovation: Current regional seismic risk assessment methods do not take into account either ground motion directionality or building orientation.
36. Force distribution due to impact of bidisperse granular avalanches against a retention barrier
Core Problem: Although widely studied, the role of grain-size polydispersity remains poorly addressed, even for the simplified case of bidisperse mixtures.
Key Innovation: Retention structures are therefore essential for mitigating their effects, particularly near urban areas.
37. Seismic hazard analysis of the southeastern Pamir Frontal Thrust: implications for regional seismic risk patterns
Core Problem: Analyzing seismic hazard risk is crucial for comprehensive risk mitigation and seismic emergency planning.
Key Innovation: A scientific evaluation of seismic hazard risk is also crucial for strengthening pre-disaster preparedness and reducing disaster losses.
38. The influence of shallow elastic heterogeneities on the subsidence bowl resulting from deep reservoir depletion
Core Problem: Subsidence due to gas extraction poses significant risks to infrastructure, as even moderate vertical displacements can cause structural damage.
Key Innovation: Existing models typically predict smooth, broad subsidence bowls, but observational data reveals short-wavelength fluctuations superimposed on this pattern, which are crucial for assessing the potential risk of damage.
39. Earthquake-hazard exposure of residents with potential access and functional needs in the United States
Core Problem: Earthquake response plans and earthquake early warning (EEW) systems designed for general populations may not consider potential access and functional needs (AFN) of individuals with physical, sensory, cognitive, or soci...
Key Innovation: Previous efforts to map the distribution of these populations have focused on social-vulnerability indices that ignore or oversimply these limitations.
40. Understanding multi-hazard risk for U.S. coastal cities
Core Problem: Coastal cities are threatened by a wide range of hazards, including sea-level rise, erosion, storm surges, flooding, and extreme weather events.
Key Innovation: We employ a Multi-Hazard Risk Index by analyzing in situ ground observations, remotely sensed information, and re-analyzed datasets.
41. Review article: Deep learning for potential landslide identification: data, models, applications, challenges, and opportunities
Core Problem: Rapidly increasing landslide risk has outpaced a consistent synthesis of how deep learning methods, data sources, and hazard contexts perform in potential landslide identification.
Key Innovation: This review synthesizes more than 400 studies (especially 2020–2025), systematically organizing data modalities, model families, and trigger-specific applications while identifying core bottlenecks and future hybrid knowledge- plus data-driven directions.
42. A Bayesian network approach to multi-hazard risk assessment of offshore wind turbines
Core Problem: Offshore wind turbines, due to their complex and flexible structures, face significant risks from harsh marine environments and multiple natural hazards.
Key Innovation: To address these challenges, this study proposes a Bayesian Network-based method for quantitative risk assessment under multi-hazard conditions.
43. GNSS-IR real-time water level retrieval method based on hybrid sliding window and LSTM
Core Problem: Real-time water level monitoring is of critical significance in flood disaster mitigation and water resource management.
Key Innovation: This paper proposes a real-time Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) water level retrieval method based on the hybrid integration of sliding window and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM).
44. Enhanced earthquake occurrence time prediction: A hybrid LSTM-Kalman Filter approach
Core Problem: Complex temporal patterns and noisy nature of seismic data persistently challenge researchers seeking to predict earthquake timing with high accuracy.
Key Innovation: Existing deep learning methods often suffer from error accumulation in sequential predictions and lack effective mechanisms for dynamic adjustment.
45. Statistical Examination of the Shear Strength of Frozen and Unfrozen Fine-Grained Soils
Core Problem: Climate change causes an increase in the temperature of permafrost.
Key Innovation: This increases the amount of unfrozen water in the permafrost soils, which will reduce their shear strengths.
46. Estimating Soil Electrical Parameters in the Canadian High Arctic from Impedance Measurements of the MIST Antenna Above the Surface
Core Problem: The MIST experiment aims to detect the cosmological 21-cm signal through sky observations at 25-125 MHz using a wide-beam antenna.
Key Innovation: The antenna is mounted above the soil and the beam characteristics are highly dependent on the soil's electrical properties.
47. Nonlinear assessment of progressive collapse in irregular buildings triggered by pulse-type near-field earthquakes
Core Problem: This study evaluates the progressive collapse behaviour of reinforced concrete buildings with structural irregularities subjected to pulse-type near-field earthquakes using a nonlinear dynamic analysis framework.
Key Innovation: Three-dimensional five-storey building models incorporating mass and stiffness irregularities are analysed by explicitly simulating edge and corner column removal scenarios.
48. Nonlinear finite element evaluation of the seismic performance of the historic ayvat masonry weir
Core Problem: A nonlinear seismic assessment of the 18th‑century Ayvat masonry weir was performed by integrating three‑dimensional finite‑element (FE) modeling with Ground‑Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys.
Key Innovation: A detailed ABAQUS model of approximately 70000 continuum elements was developed and calibrated using laboratory‑measured stone–mortar properties and GPR‑derived foundation profiles.
49. Regionalized Bayesian site amplification models for Türkiye
Core Problem: Accurate representation of site amplification is essential for seismic hazard analysis, particularly in regions with complex geological structure.
Key Innovation: This study develops a Bayesian hierarchical site amplification model that captures nonlinear, period-dependent, and regionally variable behavior using an extensive strong-motion dataset from Türkiye.
50. Seismic mitigation performance of 3D-isolated liquid storage tank under horizontal-rocking coupled earthquake excitations
Core Problem: To enhance the seismic resilience of liquid storage tanks (LSTs) under multi-dimensional earthquake actions, this work analyzes the performance of three-dimensional (3D) isolation device for such tanks subjected to horiz...
Key Innovation: Seven near-field and far-field seismic waves are selected, and the rocking component is obtained based on the frequency domain theory.
51. Effects of land use changes on soil organic matter content and speciation in volcanic soils of southern Chile
Core Problem: This study examined how land-use changes impact soil organic carbon (SOC) content and chemical speciation in four volcanic soils (Andisols and Ultisols) in southern Chile.
Key Innovation: Fixed depth (FD) and equivalent soil mass (ESM) approaches were used to analyze SOC stocks under different land uses, including native forest, cropland, grassland, and exotic tree plantations.
52. Evolutionary dynamics of the Holocene alluvial fan system of Las Carreras Valley (Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina)
Core Problem: The Las Carreras Valley, part of the Tafí Valley in Northwestern Argentina, offers a detailed geomorphological record of Holocene evolution within a tectonic intermontane depression in the Sierras Pampeanas.
Key Innovation: This study aimed to examine the evolutionary morphology of the main alluvial fans along the western edge of the Las Carreras Valley, at the piedmont of the Sierra de Aconquija.
53. Impact of dams on river regime and extreme flow events in MIÑO–SIL river basin (NW of the IBERIAN peninsula)
Core Problem: River regulation is a major driver of hydrological change, yet its long-term effects relative to climate and land-use variability remain poorly constrained in many river basins.
Key Innovation: In the Miño–Sil River Basin (NW Iberian Peninsula), this study evaluates the respective roles of precipitation variability, land-use change, and dam regulation on river flow regimes and extreme flood events using hydro-m...
54. Stabilization of organic matter in topsoils under different tundra vegetation in Central Spitsbergen (high Arctic)
Core Problem: Despite numerous studies on carbon stocks in the Arctic, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the mechanisms of SOM stabilization and their impact on the quantity and quality of SOM across different tundra veget...
Key Innovation: Despite numerous studies on carbon stocks in the Arctic, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the mechanisms of SOM stabilization and their impact on the quantity and quality of SOM across different tundra veget...
55. The carbon dynamic and driving mechanisms of peatland in the Changbaishan volcanic field of China
Core Problem: The Changbaishan volcanic field ranks as one of China's largest active volcanic fields.
Key Innovation: Numerous peatlands developed in this area, serving as crucial carbon sink within the country.
56. Subgrid modeling of storm surge inundation in a large coastal city considering building volumes
Core Problem: The applicability of current subgrid models, particularly drag force models (DFMs), for the simulation of large-scale storm surge inundation in highly urbanized coastal megacities remains unclear, particularly in terms o...
Key Innovation: This paper proposes an enhanced subgrid model, iDFM-MD, for storm surge inundation over a coastal city, incorporating both building drag and volume effects using a wet fraction formulation based on the authors’ previous...
57. Wave–current interactions within microtidal systems
Core Problem: Using long-term observations and modeling from the Misa River (Italy), we reveal how opposing currents significantly alter incoming sea waves, through processes such as wave blocking, steepening, and infragravity wave up...
Key Innovation: This study presents the first structured and comprehensive analysis of wave–current interactions at microtidal river mouths, a topic often overlooked in estuarine flood studies.
58. Coupled constitutive anamnesis model (U-CAM) for unsaturated and saturated fine-grained soils
Core Problem: Current constitutive models mainly focused on predicting monotonic hydro-mechanical (HM) processes, lacking accuracy in predicting soil behaviour under cyclic loading and moisture variations.
Key Innovation: Their intricate response to changing moisture conditions significantly impacts slope stability, foundation design, and infrastructure resilience against climate’s extreme phenomena in geotechnical engineering application...
59. A Global Application Programming Interface–Enabled Earthquake Ground Motion Relational Database for Engineering Applications
Core Problem: Earthquake engineering still lacks scalable, queryable access to consistently processed global ground-motion records, intensity measures, and metadata.
Key Innovation: The authors build an API-enabled relational database (32 linked tables) with quality-controlled processed records and diverse intensity measures, allowing direct URL-based data queries instead of bulk-file workflows.
60. A simplified replacement cost model for residential buildings located in developing countries: The case study of Colombia
Core Problem: To reduce disaster impacts, initiatives have been promoted to assess seismic risk in developing countries like Colombia.
Key Innovation: To reduce disaster impacts, initiatives have been promoted to assess seismic risk in developing countries like Colombia.
61. Agent-based simulation of the effectiveness of policies for the adoption of seismic retrofits
Core Problem: Seismic retrofit programs for vulnerable existing housing often have low adoption, and policy-sensitive barriers differ across homeowner groups.
Key Innovation: An agent-based simulation framework for Vancouver detached housing tests multiple promotion policies against adoption and expected loss reduction, identifying barrier-targeted interventions before real-world implementation.
62. An improved ground motion model considering the seismological characteristics of the Korean Peninsula
Core Problem: Existing ground-motion models do not fully capture source, site, and 3D path characteristics of the Korean Peninsula, which limits prediction accuracy for intensity measures such as PGA and PSA.
Key Innovation: The study decomposes model residuals into source, site, and path correction terms (δSource, δSite, δPath), regresses each term empirically, and integrates them into a base rock-site model to build and validate a region-specific improved GMM.
63. Analyses of site effects in the 2020 M 5.6 Magna mainshock and aftershocks and development of shallow site amplification factors for Salt Lake Valley, Utah
Core Problem: Site effects in the Salt Lake Valley during the 2020 Magna sequence are not fully captured by generic Vs30-based amplification assumptions.
Key Innovation: By combining mainshock-aftershock recordings, updated shallow velocity profiles, source-path inversions, and 1D equivalent-linear site-response analyses, the study derives local amplification factors and diagnoses where existing models mispredict response.
64. Analytical seismic fragility and vulnerability curves for Colombian informal unreinforced masonry buildings
Core Problem: Informal unreinforced masonry housing is widespread in Colombia but highly earthquake-vulnerable, and region-specific fragility and vulnerability functions have been insufficiently developed.
Key Innovation: Using a database of more than 400 URM and semi-confined masonry buildings and 3D nonlinear macro-element analyses, the authors derive Colombian fragility and vulnerability curves and validate them against observed earthquake damage patterns.
65. Assessment of seismic design provisions for floor diaphragms and higher-mode responses using data from instrumented buildings in California
Core Problem: Current seismic diaphragm design provisions may underrepresent higher-mode amplification of floor accelerations in real buildings.
Key Innovation: Using strong-motion data from instrumented California buildings, the study develops an intensity- and inelasticity-aware evaluation framework and shows Section 12.10.3 better captures higher-mode effects than Section 12.10.1.
66. Damping scaling factors for horizontal acceleration response spectra from subduction earthquakes in offshore and onshore regions of Japan
Core Problem: Seismic design often requires damping ratios beyond 5 %, but robust damping-scaling relationships for subduction earthquakes across offshore and onshore settings remain limited.
Key Innovation: The paper develops Bayesian DSF models (INLA-based) for Japanese subduction records, explicitly accounting for magnitude, distance, damping ratio, and station type, and provides associated uncertainty models for practical scaling applications.
67. Derivation of fragility curves to assess and compare the effectiveness of retrofitting strategies in URM buildings
Core Problem: Recent earthquakes have highlighted the seismic vulnerability of existing masonry buildings, pointing out the urgent need to design high-performance and non-invasive strengthening interventions.
Key Innovation: Recent earthquakes have highlighted the seismic vulnerability of existing masonry buildings, pointing out the urgent need to design high-performance and non-invasive strengthening interventions.
68. Effect of displacement cycles on the drift capacity of reinforced concrete structural walls
Core Problem: How prior cyclic displacement history alters drift capacity of reinforced-concrete structural walls remains uncertain, particularly regarding cumulative effects.
Key Innovation: A statistical analysis shows drift capacity decreases with increasing prior-cycle intensity, but the reduction is generally smaller than the discrepancy between measured capacities and common predictive formulations.
69. Estimation of high-rise building response in metro Manila, Philippines, during the 2019 central Luzon earthquake based on video data analysis
Core Problem: Metro Manila lacks direct instrumented building data for quantifying high-rise response to long-period earthquake shaking.
Key Innovation: The study uses video-based response estimation for the 2019 Central Luzon event to infer building periods and dynamic response, highlighting vulnerability of 3–6 s systems to prolonged surface-wave-driven nonstructural effects such as tank sloshing.
70. Evolution of the OpenQuake Engine: Enhanced capabilities, collaborative development, and global adoption
Core Problem: The OpenQuake Engine started being developed in 2010 and was publicly introduced in 2014 as an open-source software for seismic hazard and risk modeling, aiming to provide a transparent, flexible, and globally accessible...
Key Innovation: The OpenQuake Engine started being developed in 2010 and was publicly introduced in 2014 as an open-source software for seismic hazard and risk modeling, aiming to provide a transparent, flexible, and globally accessible...
71. Experimental data from out-of-plane shake-table tests on unreinforced masonry gables
Core Problem: Calibration of models for out-of-plane seismic failure of unreinforced masonry gables is hindered by scarce experimental data on incremental dynamic response up to collapse.
Key Innovation: The paper releases a shake-table dataset for three nominally identical gables with controlled roof-interaction boundary conditions (amplified and phase-shifted top motion), including acceleration, displacement, and force time histories for benchmark validation.
72. Functional recovery time of low-rise concentrically braced frame buildings: Probabilistic assessment of footing size effects
Core Problem: Building functional-recovery assessments after earthquakes often neglect soil-foundation effects, obscuring how footing design influences downtime and repair cost in low-rise concentrically braced frames.
Key Innovation: A probabilistic nonlinear time-history framework (Monte Carlo plus OpenSees) treats footing size as a design variable across site classes and shows that non-capacity-protected rocking foundations can outperform larger footings for short-period systems, particularly on stiff soils.
73. Hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation validation of small-magnitude subduction earthquakes in New Zealand
Core Problem: Physics-based simulation of subduction earthquake ground motions remains less comprehensively validated than for shallow crustal earthquakes, despite subduction events contributing significantly to global seismic hazard.
Key Innovation: Physics-based simulation of subduction earthquake ground motions remains less comprehensively validated than for shallow crustal earthquakes, despite subduction events contributing significantly to global seismic hazard.
74. Impact of modeling decisions on seismic loss and fragility assessment of steel buildings
Core Problem: Seismic loss estimates for steel buildings can vary substantially across assessment methodologies, and the sensitivity to modeling assumptions is not consistently quantified.
Key Innovation: The study benchmarks FEMA P-58 component-based, story-loss-function, and HAZUS assembly-based methods on 621 steel moment frames and performs targeted sensitivity analyses to identify method-specific dominant assumptions.
75. Influence of prior shaking on seismic drift demands
Core Problem: Post-earthquake reuse decisions are hampered by uncertainty about how prior shaking affects subsequent seismic drift demands.
Key Innovation: Combining expanded oscillator simulations with 220 repeated-motion laboratory tests, the study shows limited additional peak-drift demand for stable yielding systems under repeated strong motions, while identifying scenarios where prior stronger motions can raise demands.
76. Investigating ground motion anomalies in the 2023 Mw5.9 Jishishan, China, earthquake: A physics-based simulation perspective
Core Problem: Ground-motion and damage anomalies in the 2023 Mw5.9 Jishishan earthquake required mechanistic attribution beyond empirical interpretation.
Key Innovation: Physics-based broadband simulations with topography, flat, and bedrock configurations quantify hanging-wall amplification and sediment-induced amplification-duration effects, demonstrating a coupled thrust-fault and sediment control on anomalies.
77. Multiclass post-earthquake building assessment integrating high-resolution optical and SAR satellite imagery, ground motion, and soil data with transformers
Core Problem: Rapid post-earthquake building damage assessment remains constrained by slow field surveys and limited multiclass accuracy of existing remote-sensing approaches.
Key Innovation: A metadata-enriched transformer that fuses high-resolution optical/SAR imagery with ground-motion and soil indicators improves building-level multiclass damage classification and cross-region generalization for operational rapid assessment.
78. Optimized derivation of hazard-consistent seismic fragility curves using Bayesian approach and multiple stripe analysis
Core Problem: Hazard-consistent fragility-curve derivation via multiple stripe analysis is computationally demanding because it typically requires many nonlinear dynamic analyses.
Key Innovation: The authors propose a Bayesian iterative updating scheme (MCMC with Metropolis–Hastings) for fragility parameters, with automated stopping criteria, achieving benchmark-consistent curves using fewer stripes and records.
79. Quantifying relationships between fault parameters and rupture characteristics associated with thrust and reverse fault earthquakes
Core Problem: Relationships between fault-source parameters, site conditions, and thrust/reverse-fault surface-rupture morphology are not yet quantitatively constrained for forecasting.
Key Innovation: Through 3,434 distinct-element simulations and computer-vision extraction of rupture metrics from 346,834 model states, the study derives parameter sensitivities and improved empirical relationships consistent with field observations.
80. Quantitative validation of NASA ARIA damage proxy maps for detection of ground displacement from surface fault rupture from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence
Core Problem: NASA ARIA damage proxy maps are operationally valuable, but their ability to quantify surface fault displacement had lacked rigorous statistical validation.
Key Innovation: The authors establish a quantitative validation framework using distributional analysis and fragility functions on Ridgecrest rupture data, defining the strengths and limits of DPM indices across displacement thresholds.
81. Seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry houses in Colombia
Core Problem: National-scale seismic risk modeling in Colombia requires robust fragility functions for prevalent confined masonry housing types across different seismic zones and construction qualities.
Key Innovation: The study develops region-calibrated nonlinear models for 72 confined masonry archetypes, constrained by local cyclic and shaking-table tests and analyzed with hazard-consistent records to produce fragility curves for national risk applications.
82. Seismic fragility curves of a historical brick masonry minaret
Core Problem: Historical brick minarets are seismically fragile because of slender geometry and material limitations, yet object-specific fragility characterization is scarce.
Key Innovation: An OMA-calibrated finite-element model combined with nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses yields probabilistic fragility curves for multiple performance levels of a representative Ottoman-period minaret.
83. Shake table testing for system effects analysis in a 1:2 scale three-story light frame timber building
Core Problem: Seismic analyses of light-frame timber buildings often neglect system effects from component interaction, leading to biased stiffness and drift predictions.
Key Innovation: Shake-table tests on a 1:2-scale three-story building plus numerical analyses quantify how transverse walls, diaphragm out-of-plane stiffness, and gravity loading jointly improve lateral stiffness, damping, and drift response.
84. Shake-table tests on two 40-ton reinforced concrete U-shaped walls with uniaxial and bidirectional-torsional response
Core Problem: Reinforced concrete (RC) structures, widely used in mid- to high-rise construction, face significant challenges related to sustainability, durability, and seismic resilience.
Key Innovation: Reinforced concrete (RC) structures, widely used in mid- to high-rise construction, face significant challenges related to sustainability, durability, and seismic resilience.
85. Simulation of ground motions using stochastic method with improved temporal nonstationarity
Core Problem: Simulating ground motion (GM) is essential for assessing seismic hazards and evaluating the risks to civil infrastructure in earthquake engineering.
Key Innovation: Simulating ground motion (GM) is essential for assessing seismic hazards and evaluating the risks to civil infrastructure in earthquake engineering.
86. V-FAST: A story-based vulnerability and fragility assessment toolkit for advancing PBEE
Core Problem: Implementing PBEE workflows for fragility, vulnerability, and loss assessment remains technically fragmented and difficult to apply transparently.
Key Innovation: V-FAST provides an open-source, story-based toolkit that integrates key PEER-PBEE steps in a visual workflow, enabling interpretable component-, story-, and building-level fragility/vulnerability and loss estimation.
87. Validating alternative methods to account for shallow site effects in hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation of small-magnitude earthquakes in New Zealand
Core Problem: Hybrid broadband simulations for small earthquakes at soil sites remain uncertain when shallow site effects are simplified or omitted.
Key Innovation: Using 1,446 recordings from 213 events at 38 New Zealand sites, the study validates four shallow-site adjustment strategies and delineates when profile-based SH1D transfer-function methods provide clear gains over simpler VS30-based adjustments.
88. Vertical accelerations in seismic analysis: A numerical investigation of their effects on URM structures
Core Problem: The practical contribution of vertical ground-motion components to global seismic response of unreinforced masonry buildings is still debated.
Key Innovation: Validated nonlinear equivalent-frame simulations and cloud analyses with three-component near-source records show that vertical accelerations usually have limited influence on global response, with notable effects only under rare motion-synchronization conditions.
89. Influence of processing technique on the agreement of site fundamental frequency (f 0 ) from earthquake and microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio
Core Problem: Leveraging a database of earthquake recordings and microtremor measurements collected at seismic stations in California, this research explores the influence of processing decisions on the site fundamental frequency (f 0...
Key Innovation: The study systematically evaluates different approaches for processing eHVSR, including considering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to determine usable frequency range, the use of the Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) or pseu...
90. Heavy metals in perlite quarries and exposure of worker
Core Problem: Heavy metal(loids) (HMs), which can be carcinogenic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic, can pose a threat to fauna, flora, and humans.
Key Innovation: In the mining industry, large amounts of HMs released uncontrolled as a result of activities such as extraction, grinding, clustering of mineral ores, and dumping of wastes in open areas.
91. Impact of organochlorine pesticide pollution in floodplain soils of the river Niger
Core Problem: Thus, organochlorine pesticide (OCP) concentrations were evaluated in floodplain soils from the lower sections of the River Niger to explore their distribution patterns and interrelationships with soil depth, sources, an...
Key Innovation: Thus, organochlorine pesticide (OCP) concentrations were evaluated in floodplain soils from the lower sections of the River Niger to explore their distribution patterns and interrelationships with soil depth, sources, an...
92. Evaluation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide simulated with the EMAC (version 2.55) Chemistry–Climate Model using satellite and ground-based observations
Core Problem: Evaluation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide simulated with the EMAC (version 2.55) Chemistry–Climate Model using satellite and ground-based observations Ismail Makroum, Patrick Jöckel, Martin Dameris, Nicolas Theys, and Joh...
Key Innovation: Model Dev., 19, 447–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-447-2026, 2026 We use a state-of-the-art numerical chemistry-climate model to study the atmospheric sulfur dioxide budget.
93. Evaluation of coupled and uncoupled ocean–ice–atmosphere simulations using icon-2024.07 and NEMOv4.2.0 for the EURO-CORDEX domain
Core Problem: Evaluation of coupled and uncoupled ocean–ice–atmosphere simulations using icon-2024.07 and NEMOv4.2.0 for the EURO-CORDEX domain Vera Maurer, Wibke Düsterhöft-Wriggers, Rebekka Beddig, Janna Meyer, Claudia Hinrichs, Ha...
Key Innovation: We present a regional coupled ocean-atmosphere model setup for Europe, tailored to provide consistent climate change information for the North and Baltic Seas.
94. IPSL-Perm-LandN: improving the IPSL Earth System Model to represent permafrost carbon-nitrogen interactions
Core Problem: IPSL-Perm-LandN: improving the IPSL Earth System Model to represent permafrost carbon-nitrogen interactions Rémi Gaillard, Patricia Cadule, Philippe Peylin, Nicolas Vuichard, and Bertrand Guenet Geosci.
Key Innovation: Model Dev., 19, 661–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-661-2026, 2026 The release of carbon from thawing permafrost soils could amplify future climate warming.
95. Estimating Soil Electrical Parameters in the Canadian High Arctic From Impedance Measurements of the MIST Antenna Above the Surface
Core Problem: The MIST experiment aims to detect the cosmological 21‐cm signal through sky observations at 25–125 MHz using a wide‐beam antenna.
Key Innovation: The antenna is mounted above the soil and the beam characteristics are highly dependent on the soil's electrical properties.
96. Southern Ocean Sulfate Aerosol Sources Quantified From Sulfur Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores
Core Problem: The Southern Ocean has emerged as a key region for constraining aerosol‐climate interactions due to its relatively low anthropogenic influence.
Key Innovation: Sulfate is an important aerosol over the Southern Ocean, and models suggest dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the largest source of sulfate during summer.
97. Supershear Transitions and Bilateral Asymmetric Rupture of the 2025 Sagaing (Myanmar) Earthquake Revealed by Geodetic and Seismic Observations
Core Problem: The Sagaing Fault (SF) accommodates major plate motion in Myanmar, yet large earthquakes along it have rarely been captured by modern geodetic and seismic observations.
Key Innovation: We propose that structural barrier and stress shadows limited the extent, whereas the SF's bimaterial interface and local stress‐drop heterogeneity jointly may potentially drive the asymmetric, intermittent supershear be...
98. Evaluation of geomorphic indices and seismotectonic insights for assessing the role of relative active tectonics in the evolution of the Noa-Dihing and Burhi-Dihing River Basins in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, India
Core Problem: This study presents a thorough geomorphological and seismotectonic investigation of the Noa-Dihing and Burhi-Dihing catchments, which drain the alluvial plains of the Brahmaputra River in Upper Assam and adjacent regions...
Key Innovation: This study presents a thorough geomorphological and seismotectonic investigation of the Noa-Dihing and Burhi-Dihing catchments, which drain the alluvial plains of the Brahmaputra River in Upper Assam and adjacent regions...
99. Topographic roughness of continuous ejecta deposits of kilometer-size simple craters on the Moon and Mars
Core Problem: Formed by deposition of proximal impact ejecta, continuous ejecta deposits of pristine simple craters on terrestrial planets exhibit varying morphology that reflect properties of pre-impact target materials.
Key Innovation: Here we demonstrate that for typical pristine lunar and martian simple craters with diameters of 2–7 km that were formed on coeval volcanic units by impactors with comparable initial kinetic energy, the continuous ejecta...
100. Collision-related tin metallogeny: Insight from a new discovery of the volcanic-subvolcanic-hosted Sn deposit in the western Gangdese, Xizang
Core Problem: The Gangdese metallogenic belt in Xizang, a world-class copper polymetallic province, has a poorly understood western segment due to extensive volcanic cover and limited historical exploration.
Key Innovation: The recent discovery of the Sangmoladong (SMLD) deposit, the first undocumented volcanic- to subvolcanic-hosted, tin-dominant polymetallic system in western Gangdese, provides a unique opportunity to investigate collisio...
101. Contrasted detection of lipid biomarkers in Ediacaran stromatolites from Amane-n’Tourhart in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas
Core Problem: Biogeochemical evidence of this type of communities and activity in different terrestrial environments is very scarce.
Key Innovation: Biogeochemical evidence of this type of communities and activity in different terrestrial environments is very scarce.
102. Decoding the tectonomagmatic evolution of the Ladakh Magmatic Arc, NW Himalaya: A multi-proxy geochemical and isotopic approach
Core Problem: Magmatic arcs are the active locus of crustal formation, and their knowledge of spatiotemporal geochemical variation is vital for understanding the evolution of collisional systems.
Key Innovation: Here, we compare geochemical and isotopic results from the precollisional Dras-Nidar Island Arc Complex (DNIAC), pre- to syn-collisional Ladakh Batholith (LB) that formed the part of the well-known Kohistan-Ladakh Bathol...
103. Genetic types, mineralization styles, and geodynamic drive of uranium deposits in the South China Block
Core Problem: Based on host rocks, uranium deposits in the SCB can be categorized into three primary types, exhibiting a trend from black shale-related deposits in the west, to granite-related, and ultimately to volcanic-related depos...
Key Innovation: Based on host rocks, uranium deposits in the SCB can be categorized into three primary types, exhibiting a trend from black shale-related deposits in the west, to granite-related, and ultimately to volcanic-related depos...
104. Insights into the final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean (eastern segment): implications from mesozoic granitoids in the Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
Core Problem: The Mongol-Okhotsk suture signifies the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean between the Siberian Craton and the Erguna Block (also known as the Amuria Block), a process that was pivotal in shaping the Mesozoic tectonic e...
Key Innovation: While a scissor-like, west-to-east diachronous closure mechanism is widely accepted, considerable debate persists regarding the exact timing of final suturing in the eastern segment and the underlying geodynamic processe...
105. Lithospheric thickness controls the porphyry Cu mineralization: Evidence from neighboring arc volcanic rocks
Core Problem: It is widely considered that porphyry Cu deposits formed via oceanic slab subduction are closely associated with hydrous and oxidized arc magmas.
Key Innovation: Of note, two suites of neighboring (∼40 km apart) Carboniferous arc volcanic rocks in Northwest China show different extents of mineralization: volcanic rocks from the Dananhu arc (DNHA) host one of the most important po...
106. Optimized inversion of Chang’e-2 gamma-ray spectrum data into heat production rate for thermal evolution study: Imbrium Basin as an example
Core Problem: The lunar surface element distribution obtained from Chang’e-2 gamma-ray spectrometer has provided new insights into the thermal activity and element migration of the Moon.
Key Innovation: To further investigate lunar thermal evolution and geological activities, the heat production rate (HPR) distribution was selected as a breakthrough.
107. The missing late Cretaceous magmatic arc in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone (NW Iran): constraints from zircon geochronology, Hf isotopes, and geochemistry
Core Problem: The Late Cretaceous magmatic evolution of northwestern (NW) Iran reveals a previously unrecognized continental arc system, the Azerbaijan Continental Magmatic Arc, herein termed the Azerbaijan Continental Magmatic Arc, w...
Key Innovation: Integration of new zircon U-Pb ages, Lu-Hf isotopic data, and whole-rock geochemical compositions from volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Misho, Sufian, Moro, Amand, Vanyar, and Iskandar regions identifies a subduction-r...
108. Volcano Voices , a cost-effective tool to collect and share narratives on the environment. An example from Chaitén, Chile
Core Problem: This paper details the development and implementation of Volcano Voices , an interactive mapping methodology designed to collect environmental data and disseminate research findings ethically within communities affected...
Key Innovation: It focuses on Voces de Chaitén , a case study in Chaitén, Chile, as part of a broader effort to memorialise past disasters in the territory and to raise awareness of geological hazards.
109. Data assimilation in emergency department simulations for real-time disaster response
Core Problem: Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) due to disasters such as earthquakes and infectious disease outbreaks create a sudden surge of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).
Key Innovation: Here, we present a novel data assimilation method for incorporating recently collected observations into an ED simulation model to align the conditions in the simulation model with the conditions in its real-world ED cou...
110. Identifying factors influencing housing safety in post-earthquake reconstruction by households in Nepal
Core Problem: Reconstructing safer houses after disasters is essential for the resilience of vulnerable communities, but its dependence on household decision-making is underexplored.
Key Innovation: This study aims to identify which decision-making factors significantly contribute to housing safety after reconstruction to inform the design of effective reconstruction assistance.
111. Integration of spatial, labour and demographic heterogeneity in a CGE to model the distributional impacts from a disaster
Core Problem: The United Nations highlights the need to protect underrepresented and vulnerable groups from disasters.
Key Innovation: Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models commonly assess disaster impacts but typically aggregate agents, limiting the identification of who bears the greatest burdens.
112. Larung Sesaji as an indigenous community resilience practice at Mount Kelud, Indonesia
Core Problem: This study investigates the Larung Sesaji ritual as a community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) practice at Mount Kelud, Indonesia.
Key Innovation: This study investigates the Larung Sesaji ritual as a community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) practice at Mount Kelud, Indonesia.
113. Long-term physical health impacts of disasters: Evidence from the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake
Core Problem: This paper looks at the impact of the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake on physical health outcomes 18–24 months after the event.
Key Innovation: The data come from the longitudinal Indonesia Family Life Survey 2000 and 2007 for a sample of around 4400 individuals representing those affected by the earthquake and a carefully constructed control group.
114. Analysis of seismic potential in a depleted chalk reservoir subject to CO 2 injection
Core Problem: This study presents a multi-scale modelling framework to evaluate fault reactivation risks and seismic potential during CO 2 injection into a highly depleted and deformable chalk reservoir, using the Harald East field in...
Key Innovation: This study presents a multi-scale modelling framework to evaluate fault reactivation risks and seismic potential during CO 2 injection into a highly depleted and deformable chalk reservoir, using the Harald East field in...
115. Frictional evolution of rock fractures across mineralogical contrasts
Core Problem: Underground excavation in high-altitude, tectonically active regions frequently encounters soft metamorphosed rocks, which exhibit distinct mechanical behaviors from hard crystalline rocks that have been extensively char...
Key Innovation: These weak rocks tend to deform plastically during excavation unloading and are prone to shearing along pre-existing fractures, leading to the generation and accumulation of gouge particles.
116. Modeling the thermo-mechanical behavior of porous lava under reservoir conditions
Core Problem: However, existing models are limited, especially when compared to the more advanced predictive tools available for sedimentary rocks.
Key Innovation: However, existing models are limited, especially when compared to the more advanced predictive tools available for sedimentary rocks.
117. An Entropic Explanation for Gutenberg‐Richter Scaling
Core Problem: We develop a simple explanation for Gutenberg‐Richter (G‐R) size scaling of earthquakes on a single fault.
Key Innovation: We develop a simple explanation for Gutenberg‐Richter (G‐R) size scaling of earthquakes on a single fault.
118. Inherited Lithospheric Structure Controls Cenozoic Intraplate Basaltic Volcanism in Central Mongolia Due To Mantle Upwelling
Core Problem: The mechanisms responsible for intracontinental basaltic volcanism are not well understood.
Key Innovation: Here we present a high‐resolution lithospheric 3‐D shear‐wave velocity model using ambient noise tomography with data mainly from two dense seismic arrays.
119. Intraplate Volcanism Driven by Slab‐Plume Interaction: Numerical Modeling and Its Application to the Eifel, Massif Central and Hainan Volcanic Areas
Core Problem: Intraplate volcanism has long been linked to deep mantle plumes.
Key Innovation: However, recent studies showed that intraplate magmatism can originate from transition zone dynamics, where lower‐mantle plumes might be ponding, creating a Thermal Boundary Layer (TBL).
120. Leveraging Local Depth Phases for Improved Hypocenter Analysis and Discovery of a Thick Seismogenic Zone in Ridgecrest, California
Core Problem: To address this challenge, we have developed an integrative procedure for reliably and efficiently identifying the sP depth phase in local and regional seismic records.
Key Innovation: However, precisely determining the depth of an earthquake is often challenging due to the severe trade‐off between focal depth and origin time, especially in the absence of nearby seismic stations.
121. P‐Wave First‐Motion Polarity Determination Using Order Statistics and Entropy Theory (POSE) With Applications to Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Core Problem: The Focal Mechanism Solutions (FMSs) of small earthquakes provide valuable insights into crustal structure and stress conditions, while its reliability is limited by the accuracy of first‐motion polarity determination, w...
Key Innovation: In this study, we develop an FMS determination workflow based on a rule‐based Polarity picker using Order Statistics and Entropy theory (POSE).
122. Rupture Directivity From Energy Envelope Deconvolution: Theory and Application to 58 Ridgecrest M 3.5–5.5 Earthquakes
Core Problem: Earthquake rupture directivity impacts ground motions and provides insights on fault zone properties and earthquake physics.
Key Innovation: Here, we develop a new approach that deconvolves energy envelopes of the S wave trains to remove path and site effects and robustly resolve azimuthal variations in durations of apparent source‐time functions.
123. Spatial Interactions Govern Tectonic Tremor Activities in the Nankai Trough: A Statistical Approach for Spatiotemporal Pattern Modeling and Anomaly Detection
Core Problem: Establishing a quantitative framework to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns of slow earthquakes and to detect their anomalous activities is essential for understanding diverse slip behaviors on plate boundaries and sei...
Key Innovation: We develop a probabilistic model based on a multivariate Hawkes process to describe both the temporal and spatial characteristics of their activity.
124. The Magmatic‐Hydrothermal System of the Three Sisters Volcanic Cluster, Oregon, Imaged From Field Gravity Measurements
Core Problem: From 2019 to 2024, gravity surveys were conducted at the Three Sisters volcanic cluster (TSVC), measuring 246 gravity sites using a spring relative gravimeter.
Key Innovation: We calculated the residual Bouguer anomaly and identified three main zones with negative anomalies, ranging from −4 to −8 mGal, located southwest and west of South Sister, within an area that has been uplifting for the p...
125. Hydromechanical modeling of CO 2 injection into a saline aquifer: Analytical solution and fault-related seismicity assessment
Core Problem: The injection of substantial quantities of carbon dioxide into subsurface reservoirs may alter the stress state of geological formations, potentially reactivating pre-existing faults and triggering induced seismicity.
Key Innovation: Comprehensive hydromechanical coupling analytical approaches for predicting CO 2 injection-induced earthquakes remain underdeveloped.
126. Seasonal variation of groundwater flow path induced by freeze‒thaw process drives the changes of DOC export and DOM composition in streams in an alpine catchment, Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau
Core Problem: The control of freeze‒thaw-induced changes in the groundwater flow path in alpine regions on dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and lateral dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export to rivers is important for underst...
Key Innovation: To address this issue, we employed a numerical groundwater flow model considering the freeze‒thaw process and evaluated the seasonal variations in DOC concentrations and DOM components of groundwater at different depth o...
127. The role of heterogeneity in groundwater chemistry and mixing within the critical zone of a volcanic rock hillslope
Core Problem: Limited high-resolution geochemical data in heterogeneous critical zones (CZ) constrain understanding of hydrological and hydrochemical processes, especially in urbanizing mountainous regions.
Key Innovation: The Poshan drainage tunnel system in Hong Kong, comprising two sub-tunnels intersected by dense sub-vertical drains (SVDs), provides a valuable groundwater observation platform for investigating how CZ heterogeneity affe...
128. Land subsidence dynamics and their interplay with spatial and temporal land-use transitions in the Douala coastland, Cameroon
Core Problem: In the Douala coastland, rapid urban growth coincides with flooding, erosion, and suspected subsidence, but rates, controls, and links to land-use transitions were not well constrained.
Key Innovation: By integrating Sentinel-1 InSAR (2018–2023), topography, and 1992–2022 land-cover trajectories, the study quantifies vertical land motion and shows that subsidence patterns are strongly related to urbanization timing and foundation-related urban form.
129. Analysis of rainfall for Krishna River Basin using innovative trend analysis (ITA) and innovative polygon trend analysis (IPTA)
Core Problem: Some examples of climate change include the drying of small rivers, increased temperatures resulting from heatwaves, more frequent and intense flooding, and prolonged dry seasons that, with time, highlighted the necessit...
Key Innovation: Some examples of climate change include the drying of small rivers, increased temperatures resulting from heatwaves, more frequent and intense flooding, and prolonged dry seasons that, with time, highlighted the necessit...
130. Precursors the earthquake on February 6, 2023 on the Turkey
Core Problem: Despite significant research efforts, near real-time forecasting remains a complex challenge.
Key Innovation: Despite significant research efforts, near real-time forecasting remains a complex challenge.
131. Seismic performance of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines in operation under near-field and far-field ground motions considering soil-structure interaction
Core Problem: This study experimentally investigates the seismic behaviour of monopile-supported wind turbines (MWTs) under near-field (Chi-Chi) and far-field (Superstition) ground motions, incorporating operational conditions and soi...
Key Innovation: Experiments involve three peak ground acceleration (PGA) levels (0.14 g, 0.40 g, and 0.8 g) and three operational states (corresponding wind speeds: 0 m/s, 4.6 m/s, and 8.5 m/s).
132. Two-dimensional numerical study of the wave/current-seabed-overtopping breakwater for energy conversion interaction
Core Problem: In recent decades, overtopping breakwater for energy conversion (OBREC) has attracted much attention due to its short investment payback period, providing new development directions for commercial application of wave pow...
Key Innovation: Currently, existing study on OBREC is still in its infancy, focusing mainly on assessing power generation efficiency and ignoring structure stability.
133. Rapid post-earthquake functionality prediction of subway systems based on graph neural networks and attentive transfer learning
Core Problem: This study proposes FuncGNN, a graph neural network (GNN) designed to predict the post-earthquake functionality of subway systems.
Key Innovation: This study proposes FuncGNN, a graph neural network (GNN) designed to predict the post-earthquake functionality of subway systems.
134. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 362: High-Precision River Network Mapping Using River Probability Learning and Adaptive Stream Burning
Core Problem: 18, Pages 362: High-Precision River Network Mapping Using River Probability Learning and Adaptive Stream Burning Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18020362 Authors: Yufu Zang Zhaocai Chu Zhen Cui Zhuokai Shi Qihan Jiang Yueq...
Key Innovation: To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a novel method integrating the river-oriented Gradient Boosting Tree model (RGBT) and adaptive stream burning algorithm for high-precision and topologically consistent riv...
135. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 374: Lake Evolution and Emerging Hazards on the Tibetan Plateau from 2014 to 2023
Core Problem: Remote Sensing, Vol.
Key Innovation: 18, Pages 374: Lake Evolution and Emerging Hazards on the Tibetan Plateau from 2014 to 2023 Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18020374 Authors: Haochen Wang Peng He Zhaocheng Guo Genhou Wang Jienan Tu Shangyuan Yu Climate-in...
136. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 412: Drone-Based Maritime Anomaly Detection with YOLO and Motion/Appearance Fusion
Core Problem: Remote Sensing, Vol.
Key Innovation: This study proposes a hybrid anomaly detection and tracking pipeline that integrates YOLOv12, as the primary object detector, with two auxiliary modules: (i) motion assistance for tracking moving anomalies and (ii) still...
137. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 414: Integrating Strong Ground Motion Simulation with Nighttime Light Remote Sensing for Seismic Damage Assessment in the 2025 Dingri Mw7.1 Earthquake
Core Problem: 18, Pages 414: Integrating Strong Ground Motion Simulation with Nighttime Light Remote Sensing for Seismic Damage Assessment in the 2025 Dingri Mw7.1 Earthquake Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18030414 Authors: Wenyue Wang...
Key Innovation: To address this, we developed an integrated "source simulation–nighttime light validation" framework.
138. Delta-X: An airborne remote sensing framework to calibrate hydrodynamic and ecogeomorphic processes responsible for land building in coastal deltas
Core Problem: The spatial complexity and rapid variations in flow, particularly due to tides, present a major challenge to spaceborne remote sensing achieving the required spatial resolution and temporal sampling.
Key Innovation: Here, we present an airborne remote sensing and in situ framework that measures parameters that are critical to calibrate and validate hydrodynamic, sediment transport, morphodynamic, and ecogeomorphic models.
139. Mapping the structural diversity of Central African and Western US forests using GEDI
Core Problem: This study maps forest structural diversity, a key component of ecosystem diversity, using NASA's GEDI spaceborne lidar, providing new opportunities to support conservation and restoration efforts.
Key Innovation: Focusing on biodiversity hotspots in Central Africa and the Western US, we evaluated GEDI's ability to capture spatial variation in forest canopy structure by comparing GEDI-derived metrics with 391 km 2 of airborne lase...
140. 143–million-year seawater osmium isotopic record: Trends, rhythms, and dynamics of volcanism and tectonics
Core Problem: However, limited Cretaceous seawater Os and riverine Os–Sr data have hindered quantitative reconstructions.
Key Innovation: In this study, we present a long-term Os isotopic record from the Cretaceous to the present, revealing ~10– to 20–million-year cycles during the Cretaceous that align with rhythmic LIP eruptions.
141. Satellite remote sensing of hydro-biogeochemical responses to near-coastal water dynamics in global river mouth areas
Core Problem: Land-margin ecosystems surrounding river mouths are hydro-biogeochemical hotspots where water, carbon, and nutrients are exchanged between land and ocean.
Key Innovation: The land-margin ecosystems have recently experienced significant variations in surface water extent (Fw) due to increasing intensity of climate and environmental changes.
142. A novel bedrock power spectral model incorporating seismic magnitude-distance effects for structural reliability analysis and safety assessment
Core Problem: Power spectral density models are used to characterize the frequency-domain properties of seismic ground motions and are widely applied in structural reliability analysis and safety assessment.
Key Innovation: To address these limitations, this study proposes a bedrock power spectral density model that explicitly incorporates earthquake magnitude and distance, and reveals their physical influence mechanisms.
143. DAS scaling relations for S-waves in Mexico City: From peak ground motion to spectral amplitude and acceleration assessment
Core Problem: Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is popular in seismological research for its high-resolution, spatially distributed seismic records.
Key Innovation: Unlike conventional seismic instruments, DAS measures strain rate, which requires appropriate scaling to interpret the data in terms of ground motion.
144. Developing intensity prediction equations from ground-motion parameters in the northwestern Himalaya
Core Problem: This study presents a newly developed empirical regression relationship relating macroseismic intensity with ground motion parameters, particularly peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) for the no...
Key Innovation: This study presents a newly developed empirical regression relationship relating macroseismic intensity with ground motion parameters, particularly peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) for the no...
145. Displacement amplification factor function for tunnel-form concrete buildings: A case study based on probabilistic and multi-level approaches
Core Problem: To date, no study has specifically calculated displacement amplification factors for cast-in-place tunnel-form system, consequently, the accuracy of recommended factors in seismic standards and guidelines remains unclear...
Key Innovation: To address the challenges, the present study applies probabilistic and multi-level approaches to derive ad-hoc displacement amplification factors for tunnel-form concrete system.
146. Improvement of seismic wave detection using genetic algorithm–based optimized FIR filters
Core Problem: Seismic signals are used for the detection of ongoing earthquakes, the assessment of their magnitudes, and the identification of their source locations.
Key Innovation: However, seismic signals are often recorded alongside unwanted interference perceived as noise, making it challenging to extract the desired information.
147. Life-cycle seismic performance assessment of free-spanning submarine pipelines considering vortex-induced vibration (VIV) fatigue effect
Core Problem: Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of suspension segments is an indeed critical factor of contributing to structural fatigue damage of free-spanning submarine pipelines (FSSPs).
Key Innovation: Moreover, FSSPs may encounter destructive earthquake events during their service lives.
148. Non-parametric ground motion duration and energy-based intensity measure models: A novel stacking ensemble model using regional seismic data
Core Problem: This study leverages data-driven Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and Türkiye's regional ground motion (GM) database (1983–2025) to predict significant durations (D 5–75 , D 5–95 , D 20–80 ), Cumulative Absolute Velocity...
Key Innovation: The models evaluated include Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), Linear Regression (LR), and two stacking ensemble models.
149. Novel self-centering damper for seismic resilience: development, modeling, and validation
Core Problem: Recent earthquakes in Turkey, Syria, Morocco, and China exposed critical building vulnerabilities under multi-hazard conditions, revealing the urgent need to improve structural resilience beyond strength-focused retrofit...
Key Innovation: This study introduces a novel energy-dissipative self-centering damper (NEDSCD) that couples the high energy dissipation of metallic yielding dampers with the reliable recentering ability of pre-compressed disc springs.
150. Rapid evaluation of post-earthquake track irregularity and running safety threshold of railway track-bridge systems
Core Problem: During post-earthquake emergency rescue operations, railway track-bridge systems (RTBSs) serve as critical lifelines.
Key Innovation: To rapidly evaluate the post-earthquake operational capacity of these RTBSs, a rapid assessment method has been developed to determine regional safety speed threshold.
151. Residual vertical load-carrying capacity of rectangular reinforced concrete columns after earthquakes: experimental investigation and empirical model
Core Problem: In recent years, the residual vertical load-carrying capacity (VLC) of damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns after strong earthquakes has gained increasing attention.
Key Innovation: Reliable estimation of post-earthquake residual VLC is of significant importance for evaluating the seismic collapse safety and post-earthquake functionality of structures.
152. Robustness analysis of HVSR-derived soil fundamental frequency estimates in an urban seismic network
Core Problem: Microtremor data acquired using permanent and temporary seismic deployments within the city of Barcelona were used to systematically analyze the robustness of the soil fundamental frequency and horizontal to vertical spe...
Key Innovation: The analysis considers different time-window lengths, times of day, and seasons of the year.
153. Seismic performance of prefabricated multi-stage metal knee brace dampers
Core Problem: Severe structural damage during seismic events and the challenges of post-earthquake restoration have driven the development of innovative seismic dampers.
Key Innovation: To address the issues of rapid stiffness degradation, misaligned energy dissipation timing, and inadequate bearing capacity in traditional metal dampers under extreme loads, this study introduced a novel prefabricated mu...
154. Seismic pulse propagation: Analytical modeling and exact soliton solutions
Core Problem: Seismic wave modeling plays a fundamental role in petroleum and natural gas exploration, earthquake engineering, and environmental sciences.
Key Innovation: Analytical representations of seismic wave propagation provide insight into subsurface structure and contribute to improve seismic hazard assessment.
155. Soil-damped structure interaction analysis considering deep reinforcement learning-driven soil mesh optimization
Core Problem: Accurately modeling soil behavior near the structure-foundation interface through finite element analysis (FEA) is critical for capturing the seismic response.
Key Innovation: To address this issue, this study proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based mesh-seeking method for critical regions in soil modeling.
156. 3D response analysis of tunnels in layered media subjected to asynchronous ground motions using MLM-DRM
Core Problem: Underground tunnels are crucial parts of modern urban infrastructure and are used for a wide range of applications worldwide.
Key Innovation: Tunnels situated in layered soil media respond differently to seismic loads compared to surface structures.
157. Mechanical response characteristics and influencing factors analysis of non-parallel complex subway station-tunnel groups close proximity construction
Core Problem: The mechanical response characteristics of the adjacent structures involving non-parallel complex subway tunnels significantly affect the stability of tunnel structures and ground settlement.
Key Innovation: To analyze the mechanical stability of both the main and auxiliary tunnels in the vicinity of the subway station, an integrated methodological framework that combines physical model testing with advanced numerical simula...
158. Assessment of pavement–subgrade deformation in permafrost highways using UAV photogrammetry and ground-penetrating radar: Case study of Qinghai–Tibet highway
Core Problem: Permafrost-related deformation of highway embankments is a major constraint on the long-term serviceability of the Qinghai–Tibet Highway (QTH).
Key Innovation: Freeze–thaw cycles, water migration and heavy traffic loads produce rutting, corrugation and differential settlement at the surface, but their relationship to subsurface anomalies is not yet fully understood.
159. Thermal response and effectiveness of water impoundment pre-thawing foundation for high-speed railway subgrade in island permafrost regions
Core Problem: This study addresses the challenge of controlling thermal stability of island permafrost in high-speed railway subgrades affected by climate warming, increased wetting, and engineering disturbances.
Key Innovation: A novel foundation treatment technology based on water impoundment pre-thawing is proposed.
160. Correction: Seismic performance evaluation of a steel-yielding damper with A-shaped elements
Core Problem: ]
Key Innovation: ]
161. A new calculation method for dynamic adjustment of bed material gradation in a sand-bed river
Core Problem: Understanding the variation in bed material gradation provides a crucial perspective for assessing the functionality of river systems, including bed resistance, flood conveyance capacity and non-uniform sediment transpor...
Key Innovation: A new calculation method was developed that integrated active layer thickness with riverbed evolution and bedform geometry, which advanced the framework of active layer method for modelling bed material gradation adjustm...
162. Holocene wildfire activity archived in East Asian marginal sea: Linkages to climate variability and human civilization
Core Problem: The evolution of wildfire activity in the Holocene was closely linked to climate change, vegetation dynamics, and the development of human civilization.
Key Innovation: Compared to terrestrial archives, marginal sea sediments offer broader watershed-scale spatial coverage and longer temporal sequences, providing a unique perspective on interactions among fire activity, climate variabili...
163. Hydrological alterations induced lakeward expansion of wetland vegetation in Dongting Lake, China's second-largest lake
Core Problem: Dongting Lake (DTL), one of China's largest freshwater lakes and a critical wetland ecosystem, has shrunk rapidly due to both natural and human factors.
Key Innovation: This study presents one of the longest continuous analyses of wetland vegetation dynamics from 1989 to 2023 by combining long-term hydrological data with high-resolution remote sensing imagery, explicitly examining the i...
164. Sedimentary organic carbon in the Three Gorges Reservoir riparian zone: from flooding perturbation and size-fractionation to sources, composition and thermal stability
Core Problem: However, it remains poorly understood as to how varying flooding intensities (the relative duration of submergence caused by water level fluctuations) across different elevations and in turn the size sorting processes pe...
Key Innovation: However, it remains poorly understood as to how varying flooding intensities (the relative duration of submergence caused by water level fluctuations) across different elevations and in turn the size sorting processes pe...
165. Slope orientation regulates the joint influence of ephemeral plants and microorganisms on the soil multifunctionality of the mobile sand dunes
Core Problem: In desert dune ecosystems, climate change-and human disturbance-induced ecological processes have exacerbated the expansion risk of mobile dunes, substantially impairing soil functions maintenance and performance.
Key Innovation: We established plots across four dune slope orientations to investigate the structure and diversity of ephemeral plant communities, employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze soil microbial community composition, and...
166. Soil geochemistry as a geochronologic tool: application to mapping composite fluvial terraces, Four Mile Creek, Ohio
Core Problem: Delineating ‘active’ (500-year) floodplains as well as Holocene and Late Pleistocene fluvial terraces is vital to determining flood and erosion risk within a river valley.
Key Innovation: Traditional geomorphic techniques to delineate the active floodplain and fluvial terraces include assessing surface roughness and mapping terrace scarps.
167. Ecologically engineered seawall revetments for enhancing marine biodiversity: elevation and design options
Core Problem: Hardened, flat concrete seawalls generally cause the degradation of coastal environment and habitat quality, resulting in low marine biodiversity.
Key Innovation: Therefore, it's timely to mitigate the adverse impacts of traditional seawalls and enhance the ecological function of coast construction.
168. Monitoring beach face morphology from stereo satellite imagery
Core Problem: The workflow applies an autoGCP optimization methodology that automatically identifies matching features between background regional datasets and the new satellite imagery and thus removes the need for manually surveyed...
Key Innovation: In this work, five Digital Surface Models (DSMs) of the coastal environment in Duck, NC, USA are generated using a fully remote photogrammetry-based workflow applied to stereo satellite imagery and compared to lidar-deri...
169. Scattering of SV waves by the canyon topography: Numerical analysis and shaking table test verification
Core Problem: Firstly, through the approach of interval decomposition using the topography inflection points as boundaries, the scattered field with unknown coefficients is constructed.
Key Innovation: In this paper, the numerical solution for the scattering of SV waves induced by a V-shaped canyon is derived based on the singular boundary method.
170. Characterization of the wood transport regime of a river with a neural network model
Core Problem: Accurate quantification of floating wood in rivers is now possible, which is enabling us to better understand the role of this key variable, but frequency analysis is rare due to the relatively recent application of moni...
Key Innovation: Fallen wood will typically float at the water surface during floods, and the movement and deposition of large pieces can alter the trajectory of sedimentary bedforms, aquatic habitat, and flood hazards.
171. The floodplain wood budget: Linking wood dynamics and ecogeomorphic processes
Core Problem: Understanding floodplain wood transport, deposition and storage is necessary to fully close wood budgets in river corridors (the channel, floodplain and hyporheic zone).
Key Innovation: However, most work on wood in river corridors has focussed on in‐channel wood.
172. Unravelling the frequency and magnitude of large wood mobility and transport distance across 11 low‐order streams over multiple years
Core Problem: However, they remain limited and sparse, primarily originating from single‐site studies.
Key Innovation: However, they remain limited and sparse, primarily originating from single‐site studies.
173. Climatic and anthropogenic controls on late Holocene sediment transport to the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River
Core Problem: Models of large alluviated rivers suggest that erosional signals from the headwaters are not transported to the marine depocenter over many timescales because of extensive sediment buffering and recycling in flood plains...
Key Innovation: We present here a new integrated Late Holocene sedimentary record of the Mississippi River, synthesizing earlier analyses and new material from oxbow lakes, filled channel plugs and a continuous core from the delta to re...
174. Deep crustal structure and collision dynamics in the Western and Central European Alps
Core Problem: We investigate the deep crustal structure of the Western and Central Alps based on recent S- and P-wave velocity models and previous seismic images coupled to geological surface information.
Key Innovation: Key observations of the S-wave velocity model are two deep, crustal low velocity anomalies (a frontal and an inner anomaly) and the termination of the European continental crust below the wedge.
175. Detailing polyphase oceanic rifting evolution and consequences for microplate formation
Core Problem: Oceanic rifting in back-arc basins reveals how pre-existing lithosphere deforms under extension, distinct from mid-ocean ridge processes.
Key Innovation: We present new seismic reflection data across the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR), integrated with published seismic and gravity data from the Central Basin Fault (CBF) system in the West Philippine Basin and regional datasets.
176. 3D seismic response and disaster performance of T-shaped intersecting valley fault sites: A case study of a simply supported beam bridge across fault
Core Problem: Irregular topography and faults significantly affect seismic responses, causing notable variations that may show within 1 km 2 .
Key Innovation: This study investigates a simply supported bridge site in the Tianshan region, which features a fault and T-shaped intersecting valley topography.
177. Crustal Flow‐Driven Plateau Growth and Expansion Front in NE Tibet: Insights From High‐Resolution Attenuation Tomography With High‐Density ChinArray Lg Data
Core Problem: However, it remains unclear how the crust of NE Tibet deformed in response to the far‐field effects of the India‐Eurasia collision.
Key Innovation: However, it remains unclear how the crust of NE Tibet deformed in response to the far‐field effects of the India‐Eurasia collision.
178. Davemaoite Elasticity Reveals Slab‐Induced Heterogeneity in the Mantle Transition Zone
Core Problem: However, davemaoite, a major constituent of the subducted oceanic crust, has been poorly constrained in its elasticity, hindering accurate velocity modeling and obscuring the origin of these low‐velocity features.
Key Innovation: However, davemaoite, a major constituent of the subducted oceanic crust, has been poorly constrained in its elasticity, hindering accurate velocity modeling and obscuring the origin of these low‐velocity features.
179. Event‐Level Linkages Between Atmospheric Circulation and Anomalous Precipitation Types in a Typical East Asian Monsoon Basin
Core Problem: Anomalous precipitation, with unexpected intensity and/or spatiotemporal structures, makes flood risk management in the East Asian monsoon regions challenging, where interacting circulation systems generate highly variab...
Key Innovation: We develop an event‐level quantitative framework based on a novel lightweight Trans‐Unet model and apply it to the Hanjiang River Basin as proof‐of‐concept using a 59‐year, 1‐km daily precipitation data set.
180. Extreme Potomac Floods at Washington D.C. During the Past 500 Years
Core Problem: faces one of the highest 100‐year flood risks of any major city along the U.S.
Key Innovation: faces one of the highest 100‐year flood risks of any major city along the U.S.
181. Flocculated Silt, Not Clay, Dominates River Suspended Sediment Load
Core Problem: River mud builds fertile floodplains, combats land loss due to sea level rise, and buries vast amounts of organic carbon.
Key Innovation: These processes rely on mud settling velocity, which is set by the grain size, mineralogy, and flocculation state of mud.
182. Flow‐Dependent Inertial Permeability Defines Crossover Between Darcy and Forchheimer Flow Regimes
Core Problem: We present mechanistic evidence that the Forchheimer inertial permeability coefficient (β) is flow‐dependent in the weak‐to‐intermediate inertia crossover regime, governed by pore‐scale eddy growth‐to‐confinemen...
Key Innovation: We present mechanistic evidence that the Forchheimer inertial permeability coefficient (β) is flow‐dependent in the weak‐to‐intermediate inertia crossover regime, governed by pore‐scale eddy growth‐to‐confinemen...
183. A simplified time-domain anhydrous substructure model of saturated media sites under seismic excitation
Core Problem: Background Seismic analysis in marine geotechnical engineering is computationally intensive.
Key Innovation: Conventional methods for accounting for the influence of infinite water domains are often costly and time-consuming.
184. Frequency-magnitude analysis of megafloods: Quantifying sediment transport and geomorphic effectiveness in the Tsangpo Gorge, eastern Himalaya
Core Problem: While evidence of such megafloods is widespread across the eastern Himalaya, their frequency-magnitude relationship remains poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of their cumulative role in long-term landscape e...
Key Innovation: While evidence of such megafloods is widespread across the eastern Himalaya, their frequency-magnitude relationship remains poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of their cumulative role in long-term landscape e...
185. Impact of large dams on the hydrological and sediment transport regime in the monsoon-dominated Krishna River Basin in India
Core Problem: Large dams significantly alter natural hydrological and sediment transport regimes, particularly in monsoon-dominated basins.
Key Innovation: This study investigates the effect of three large dams in the monsoon-dominated Krishna River Basin using multi-decadal flow and suspended sediment concentration data from respective downstream gauging stations, divided...
186. Lessons learned from a post flood-reconstruction project of an urban stream (Resilient St. Vrain, Longmont, Colorado, USA)
Core Problem: We evaluated the effectiveness of an urban river engineering project by characterizing: 1) geomorphic complexity and bed mobility; 2) vegetation-channel-flow relationships, and 3) the ability to withstand future 100-year...
Key Innovation: Vrain Creek (Longmont, Colorado, USA).
187. Modelling tributary reforestation effects on downstream main channel fluvial geomorphology
Core Problem: Reforestation is increasingly promoted as a nature-based solution for sustainable environmental management, offering multiple ecological and hydrological benefits.
Key Innovation: This study investigates how the spatial configuration and placement of reforestation in tributary sub-basins influence the morphological stability of the main river channel.
188. Quantifying the influencing factors on the spatiotemporal patterns of dune activity in the Tengger Desert, Northwestern China
Core Problem: However, the contribution of environmental factors underlying spatial variations in dune activity remains unclear.
Key Innovation: Dune activity, including dune migration and sand transport, responds rapidly to environmental changes.
189. Significance of the physicochemical properties of modern sediments in the Taklimakan Desert for the origin of fluvial-lacustrine deposits in the desert interior
Core Problem: However, their formation mechanism is poorly constrained due to the lack of a systematic comparison of modern sedimentary processes and these FLD within the desert hinterland.
Key Innovation: Integrating sedimentological evidence with geomorphological observations, we propose that flooding events from adjacent river systems during past pluvial periods were the dominant factor in the formation of these FLD.
190. Subsurface variability of sandy coastal geosystems revealed by integrated georadar and cone penetrating testing approach: Insights from the Pays-de-Monts coast (Atlantic France)
Core Problem: While sandy coasts are often described and monitored through surface geomorphology, their internal structure and geotechnical properties remain poorly documented.
Key Innovation: While sandy coasts are often described and monitored through surface geomorphology, their internal structure and geotechnical properties remain poorly documented.
191. Understanding aeolian processes across sand dunes with varying stoss slope: Wind tunnel experiments
Core Problem: Aeolian erosion (wind-led) is highly influenced by the morphology of sand dunes and wind flow patterns in the vicinity.
Key Innovation: In this paper, the influence of sand dune geometry on the flow dynamics and associated dune morphology is investigated.
192. Ilmenite megacrysts from Dharwar craton kimberlites, and their P - T - X implications for the lithospheric mantle architecture beneath India
Core Problem: Investigating mantle-derived xenocrysts to probe the thick roots of cratons by in-situ analytical techniques has emerged as a powerful tool in petrology, especially in cases of xenolith-poor kimberlites.
Key Innovation: Whereas mantle-derived pyrope garnet, chrome-diopside and olivine have been used extensively, the petrogenetic information from ilmenite remained underutilised.
193. Imaging the seismic LAB and deeper asthenospheric low-velocity layers in the Ibero-Maghrebian region
Core Problem: We present a new lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) depth map of Iberia and adjacent areas built using ∼ 34500 Sp receiver functions from 998 broadband seismic stations, alongside an updated Ps-derived crustal thic...
Key Innovation: We present a new lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) depth map of Iberia and adjacent areas built using ∼ 34500 Sp receiver functions from 998 broadband seismic stations, alongside an updated Ps-derived crustal thic...
194. Using D/V Meng Xiang to drill intact magmatic crust in the Pacific to reveal the petrological nature of the oceanic Moho
Core Problem: I have recently published “Do we really need to drill through the intact ocean crust?” in this journal (Geoscience Frontiors, 2025, Volume 16, 101954), which is a theme talk at the “ International Workshop on Fulfilling...
Key Innovation: The global geoscience community universally acknowledges that Moho is a seismic discontinuity representing the boundary between the crust ( V P ≤ 7 km/s) and mantle ( V P ≥ 8.0 km/s).
195. Analytical Solutions for Ground Deformation in Curved Shield Tunnels Under Uneven Thrust
Core Problem: The current theoretical methods lack specificity for construction load asymmetry.
Key Innovation: Compared to straight shield tunnels, curved shield tunnels present two distinctive attributes: soil loss caused by localized over-excavation and more complex construction loads.
196. Probabilistic hierarchical interpolation and interpretable neural network configurations for flood prediction
Core Problem: Flood forecasting with neural networks must improve not only deterministic skill but also probabilistic reliability and interpretability for operational hydrology.
Key Innovation: The study develops probabilistic multi-quantile N-HiTS and N-BEATS configurations and benchmarks them against LSTM on two US headwater basins, demonstrating accuracy gains and explicit 95 % prediction-uncertainty characterization.
197. Carbon Stock Spatial Patterns in Mangroves of Shankou, Guangxi
Core Problem: However, studies on the spatial distribution patterns of mangrove carbon stocks, intercommunity variability, and tidal influence remain limited in typical regions of China.
Key Innovation: However, studies on the spatial distribution patterns of mangrove carbon stocks, intercommunity variability, and tidal influence remain limited in typical regions of China.
198. Business recovery of female-owned enterprises after urban floods: A propensity score matching analysis in the Bangkok metropolitan region
Core Problem: Highlights • This study provides robust causal evidence of gender disparities in post-flood business recovery in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, analyzing 465 enterprises affected by major floods in 2011, 2017, and 2022...
Key Innovation: • Kernel propensity score matching balanced business characteristics, flood exposure, and financial capacity between female- and male-owned businesses.
199. Corrigendum to “A methodology for selecting optimal seismic risk mitigation strategies for the Italian residential masonry built heritage” [Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 131 (2025) 105897]
Core Problem: Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092500768X?dgcid=rss_sd_all] Corrigendum to “A methodology for selecting optimal seismic risk mitigation strategies for the Italian residential masonry built...
Key Innovation: Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092500768X?dgcid=rss_sd_all] Corrigendum to “A methodology for selecting optimal seismic risk mitigation strategies for the Italian residential masonry built...
200. Diagnostic framework for causal inference in seasonal urban flooding: Precipitation-based control selection and synthetic difference-in-differences in Lagos, Nigeria
Core Problem: Establishing causal relationships between urban flooding and behavioral responses is challenging in tropical coastal cities experiencing seasonal flooding, where exposure often limits distinct control areas, rainy season...
Key Innovation: We develop a framework that facilitates causal inference by shifting the unit of analysis from geographic locations to facility types.
201. Optimizing fluvial flood mitigation strategies: A multi-objective approach for cost-effective and socially-aware infrastructure feasibility analysis
Core Problem: Effective levee planning must balance capital cost, risk reduction, and community priorities.
Key Innovation: This study presents a feasibility phase, simulation-in-the-loop framework that couples terrain-based flood modeling with a socially aware multi-objective optimizer.
202. Recurrent risk and the disaster loop: A forensic approach to urban flooding
Core Problem: Flood risk in Guadalajara, Mexico, stems from long-standing socio-spatial, institutional, and historical processes rather than isolated hydrometeorological events.
Key Innovation: Flood risk in Guadalajara, Mexico, stems from long-standing socio-spatial, institutional, and historical processes rather than isolated hydrometeorological events.
203. Who pays for preparedness? Valuing disaster app features through a factorial survey experiment in flood-prone communities
Core Problem: This study evaluates public preferences for next-generation disaster preparedness apps using a factorial survey experiment in flood-prone Japanese communities.
Key Innovation: The analysis first reveals a fundamental heterogeneity in public receptiveness, identifying two distinct segments: a small "receptive" minority (approx.
204. National mapping of wetland vegetation leaf area index in China using hybrid model with Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data
Core Problem: However, owing to the spatial complexity and periodic inundation characteristics of wetland vegetation, retrieving LAI of wetlands remains a challenging task with significant uncertainty.
Key Innovation: Here, with 865 in-situ measurements across different wetland biomes in China during 2013–2023, we proposed a hybrid strategy that incorporated active learning (AL) technique, physically-based PROSAIL-5B model, and Random...
205. Development of a procedure for predicting real-time seismic wave velocity in underground mines using discrete physical laboratory modelling and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)
Core Problem: Seismic event source locations in underground mines are crucial for safety, production efficiency, and mine profitability.
Key Innovation: Common microseismic monitoring systems rely on a constant input velocity model and periodic updating for seismic event source locations calculation.
206. Ultrasonic sensing of the mechanical fingerprint of reactive transport in rock
Core Problem: Mineral carbon storage in rock formations has gained significant interest in recent years.
Key Innovation: In principle, changes in mechanical rock properties driven by carbon mineralization could be quantified using seismic methods, opening the door toward field monitoring of carbon storage.
207. A Decadal Survey of the Near‐Surface Seismic Velocity Response to Hydrological Variations in Utah, United States
Core Problem: Ongoing climate change is leading to an increase in prolonged droughts and severe weather events, which are particularly pronounced in semi‐arid regions, such as the western United States.
Key Innovation: These extremes could have lasting social and environmental impacts.
208. Geothermal Reservoir Characterization at Utah FORGE Using DAS Microseismic Imaging
Core Problem: Conventional surface seismic imaging often lacks the resolution to delineate hydraulic fractures at depth due to strong attenuation and limited source frequency.
Key Innovation: This study presents high‐resolution imaging of the Utah FORGE site using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) recorded microseismic data during the [16A(78)‐32] injection activities.
209. Modeling and Inversion for Wave Propagation in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs Using Machine Learning
Core Problem: Understanding wave propagation in subsurface reservoirs is an important topic in exploration geophysics.
Key Innovation: Using machine learning (ML), this study aims to develop a hybrid modeling approach that uses data techniques while maintaining the reliability of poroelasticity theory.
210. Multi‐Observable Thermochemical Tomography: New Advances and Applications to the Superior and North Australian Cratons
Core Problem: Moreover, the increased demand for critical minerals and geothermal energy driven by the energy transition has intensified the need for reliable subsurface models.
Key Innovation: Here, we present an updated MTT formalism and assess its benefits and limitations to image the thermochemical structure of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere system.
211. Olivine‐Ahrensite Phase Relations in the Mg2SiO4‐Fe2SiO4 System as a Function of Temperature
Core Problem: Olivine and ahrensite are the primary components of the interiors of Fe‐rich terrestrial planets and meteorites, making their phase relations crucial for planetary science.
Key Innovation: Moreover, their phase relations can be used for calibrating large‐volume high‐pressure devices such as multi‐anvil apparatus.
212. Peeling Off of Crustal Eclogite From the Downgoing Slab at the Top of the Lower Mantle
Core Problem: The peeling‐off of oceanic crust from the downgoing slab at the top of the lower mantle is considered a key mechanism contributing to the formation of low‐velocity anomalies in the mantle transition zone and seismic scat...
Key Innovation: By integrating rock physics and geophysical constraints, we demonstrate the physical feasibility of this process.
213. Two Transitions in the D″: A Pyrolitic Deep Lower Mantle and a Ca‐Rich Bridgmanite Altering Chemistry at the CMB as Determined by Ab Initio Calculations
Core Problem: The D″ is a layer lying below a seismic discontinuity that occurs ∼250 km above the Core‐Mantle boundary (CMB).
Key Innovation: In this work we build a thermodynamic model of this transition using ab initio calculations incorporating the effects of Fe, Al, and Ca and predict that it is not one but two overlapping transitions.
214. Water Incorporation Mechanisms and Effects in MgSiO3‐Majorite Under High Temperature and Pressure Conditions
Core Problem: The incorporation of water in high‐pressure minerals is essential for the water cycle within the interiors of terrestrial planets.
Key Innovation: Majoritic garnet, a major component in the mantles of Earth and Mars, plays a significant role in this context.
215. A section-adapted intelligent warning method for strain rockbursts in open TBM tunnels
Core Problem: Rockbursts that occur in the shield, main beam, and post-beam sections of open tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunnels during construction pose distinct threats to personnel and equipment.
Key Innovation: Additionally, we proposed criteria to identify the strain rockbursts and methods for determining the occurrence sections.
216. Microscopic production characteristics and fluid behavior of shale oil in CO 2 –cosolvent SAG process: Insights into EOR and carbon storage
Core Problem: Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method was employed to simulate dimethyl ether (DME) and ethyl acetate (EA) assisted CO 2 flooding, huff-n-puff, and SAG in organic–inorganic composite nanopores.
Key Innovation: The mechanisms and performances of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO 2 storage (CS) under cosolvent influence were compared across various injection methods.
217. Augmenting observation network design and assimilation frequency in distributed hydrological models: insights from the LISFLOOD-based hydrological data assimilation framework
Core Problem: This study presents the development and application of a spatially distributed hydrological data assimilation framework (LISFLOOD-HDAF) to investigate the influence of assimilation frequency, gauge density, and spatial d...
Key Innovation: This study presents the development and application of a spatially distributed hydrological data assimilation framework (LISFLOOD-HDAF) to investigate the influence of assimilation frequency, gauge density, and spatial d...
218. Decadal dynamics of wetland soil carbon driven by hydrological variability
Core Problem: While data syntheses, modeling studies, and manipulative experiments consistently show high variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) under changing hydrological regimes, long-term field-based evidence from natural wetlan...
Key Innovation: While data syntheses, modeling studies, and manipulative experiments consistently show high variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) under changing hydrological regimes, long-term field-based evidence from natural wetlan...
219. Dynamic resilience quantification of urban drainage networks
Core Problem: The resilience of urban drainage systems (UDS) is increasingly recognized as a critical component in sustainable urban infrastructure, particularly under accelerating urbanization and climate change.
Key Innovation: This study introduces a novel Bottom-Up System Resilience Assessment (BUSRA) framework that quantifies dynamic resilience at the pipe level using hydraulic performance metrics, rather than system overflow alone.
220. Forty-year data analysis of droughts and drought-flood dynamics: impacts of cascading reservoirs
Core Problem: Significant variations of hydroclimatic extreme events, induced by both climate conditions and large-scale water resource management, especially cascading reservoirs, have been shown to profoundly impact the comprehensiv...
Key Innovation: In this study, we develop an inflow-driven cascading reservoir release framework embedded within the Soil and Water Assessment Tool+ (SWAT+).
221. From little things big things flow: the drivers of flood risk adaptation
Core Problem: Climate change and the urbanization of floodplains are intensifying flood risk internationally, driving demand for adaptation strategies and socio-hydrological models to more accurately capture human agency.
Key Innovation: Existing household-scale adaptation research often overlooks how adaptation evolves over time, prioritizes perceptions and intentions over observed actions, and assumes awareness straightforwardly translates into action.
222. Hydrological modelling of the 2021 mega-flood in the east of Belgium
Core Problem: This study presents an event-based hydrological analysis of the two most severely impacted catchments in Belgium during the July 2021 floods.
Key Innovation: This study presents an event-based hydrological analysis of the two most severely impacted catchments in Belgium during the July 2021 floods.
223. Improved ε -constrained and adaptive hybrid crossover operator-based NSGA-III for reservoir multi-objective ecological operation
Core Problem: Conventional multipurpose reservoir operational paradigms focus on power generation rather than the ecological integrity.
Key Innovation: This study proposed an integrated multi-objective ecological operation model for reservoirs comprehensively considering power generation, flood control, ecological flow maintenance, and hydrological process requirements...
224. Integration of deep learning and improved multi-objective algorithm to optimize cascade reservoirs operation with consideration of ecological dissolved oxygen needs
Core Problem: In the context of global warming and the development of hydraulic projects, changes in hydrology may affect downstream water quality, thereby increasing the risk of algal blooms.
Key Innovation: In reservoir ecological operation management, there has been a long-standing issue of neglecting the impact of flow variations on downstream dissolved oxygen (DO) levels.
225. Partitioning uncertainties of extreme flood estimates using long continuous simulations
Core Problem: Modelling options play a key role in the reliability of flood estimates, especially of extreme ones.
Key Innovation: We employed two parameterizations of the stochastic weather generator GWEX, and two model structures of the bucket-type hydrological model HBV that were configured, calibrated, and run for three representative model para...
226. Propagation mechanisms of meteorological to hydrological events in inland river basins of Northwest China: Considering compound climate changes
Core Problem: Global climate warming has increasingly complicated the propagation of meteorological to hydrological extremes in arid inland basins, where the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Key Innovation: This study selected five representative inland river basins in Northwest China, and developed a basin-scale framework linking compound climate changes to the propagation of meteorological and hydrological events.
227. Steeper spatiotemporal distribution of extreme precipitation intensity in urban than rural regions
Core Problem: However, it remains unclear how urbanization alters these structure-related characteristics of extreme precipitation across time and space.
Key Innovation: However, it remains unclear how urbanization alters these structure-related characteristics of extreme precipitation across time and space.
228. Tailored calibration of stochastic weather generators for enhanced hydrological system evaluation
Core Problem: Stochastic weather generators (SWGs) are widely used in climate impact assessments for water resource management, flood protection, crop simulation, and renewable energy.
Key Innovation: However, conventional calibration methods often fail to accurately capture key climate attributes required for these assessments.
229. Quantifying the influence of coastal flood hazards on building habitability following Hurricane Irma
Core Problem: Coastal flood risk management lacks robust, building-level relationships between modeled hydrodynamic hazard intensity and post-event uninhabitability.
Key Innovation: The authors couple Delft3D-FM and SWAN simulations of Hurricane Irma with location-based-service evidence of uninhabitable buildings to derive habitability functions, identifying maximum unit discharge as the strongest predictor and revealing material-dependent sensitivity.
230. The quest for reference stations at the National Observatory of Athens, Greece
Core Problem: Seismic analyses in Greece have lacked a systematic, network-wide evaluation of which stations can serve as reliable rock reference sites.
Key Innovation: The study integrates metadata screening, geologic interpretation, and a curated >7,500-record strong-motion dataset with directional and vertical-corrected HVSR analyses plus clustering to qualitatively rank 60 stations by reference-site suitability.
231. Exogenous risk preference and factors determining portfolio of flood aversion strategies in agriculture: farm level evidences from Assam, India
Core Problem: Present study aims at identifying the portfolio of flood tolerating risk averse strategies adopted by the farm households and its determinants in agriculture using primary data collected from all agro-climatic regions in...
Key Innovation: The need-based modification of crop calendar, mixed cropping and application of flood-tolerant crop varieties were found to be the popular strategies in minimizing flood induced crop loss in the study area.
232. To examine the effects of flow analysis and climate change on integrated water resources of the Kokcha River Basin in Afghanistan using GIS software
Core Problem: The Kokcha River Basin in northeastern Afghanistan is highly vulnerable to climate change, poor water management, and decades of conflict.
Key Innovation: This study analyzes long-term variations in temperature, precipitation, river discharge, and land cover from 1970 to 2023 using hydrometeorological records, GIS-based analysis, and statistical trend methods (Mann–Kendall...
233. Climate mode interactions amplify coastal flood risks and their seasonal predictability
Core Problem: Nature Geoscience, Published online: 20 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-025-01903-0 Co-occurring phases of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation can interact nonlinearly, amplify coastal water...
Key Innovation: Nature Geoscience, Published online: 20 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41561-025-01903-0 Co-occurring phases of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation can interact nonlinearly, amplify coastal water...
234. Stochastic dynamic analysis and validation for the capsizing probability of a damaged vessel in random beam seas
Core Problem: Extreme roll motion response in realistic seas is a significant threat to ship stability, particularly for damaged vessels with weak maneuverability, as it increases the probability of capsizing.
Key Innovation: In this paper, a stochastic framework coupling nonlinear roll dynamics with flooding mechanics is established, providing new pathways for quantifying capsize probabilities in damaged vessel scenarios.
235. Unified framework for hybrid aleatory and epistemic uncertainty propagation via decoupled multi-probability density evolution method
Core Problem: A central aspect of the framework is the transformation of the original uncertainty inputs into an augmented random space, which presents the primary challenge of determining the conditional probability density function...
Key Innovation: This paper presents a unified framework for uncertainty propagation in dynamical systems that involve both hybrid aleatory and epistemic uncertainties.
236. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 368: A Deep Learning-Based Pipeline for Detecting Rip Currents from Satellite Imagery
Core Problem: Remote Sensing, Vol.
Key Innovation: To address this, we proposed a detection pipeline which partitions high-resolution satellite images into small regions on which rip currents are detected using a deep learning object detection model that merges the resul...
237. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 370: Characterizing L-Band Backscatter in Inundated and Non-Inundated Rice Paddies for Water Management Monitoring
Core Problem: Remote Sensing, Vol.
Key Innovation: This study investigates the backscattering mechanisms of L-band SAR for inundation/non-inundation classification in paddy fields using full-polarimetric ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data.
238. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 385: Moho Fold Structure Beneath the East China Sea and Its Tectonic Implications
Core Problem: Remote Sensing, Vol.
Key Innovation: 18, Pages 385: Moho Fold Structure Beneath the East China Sea and Its Tectonic Implications Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18030385 Authors: Hangtao Yu Chuang Xu Mingming Wen Chunhong Wu Moho fold structures provide criti...
239. A large-scale framework for deriving tidal flat topography from SWOT data
Core Problem: Tidal flat topography is a fundamental attribute affecting inundation dynamics, sediment transport, and ecosystem functioning, yet accurate and spatially consistent large-scale monitoring remains challenging.
Key Innovation: Here, we leveraged satellite altimetry from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission to develop a novel, large-scale framework for deriving tidal flat topography from SWOT data, and demonstrated its capabili...
240. Automated rice mapping under diverse cropping patterns and establishment methods by integrating phenological knowledge and synergy of optical and SAR imagery
Core Problem: However, the generation of high-quality rice products is often hindered by the lack of ground truth samples, particularly in the regions with complex cropping patterns.
Key Innovation: However, the generation of high-quality rice products is often hindered by the lack of ground truth samples, particularly in the regions with complex cropping patterns.
241. Physics-guided deep learning for geostationary satellite-based estimation of dead fuel moisture content in Southwest China
Core Problem: Accurate large-scale estimation of forest surface Dead Fuel Moisture Content (DFMC) is critical for wildfire risk warning and scientific decision-making.
Key Innovation: To address this challenge, we propose a physics-guided deep learning framework that synergistically integrates geostationary meteorological satellite data and reanalysis data for regional-scale forest surface DFMC estima...
242. High-resolution remote sensing-driven water management in semi-arid basins: A CNN-Attention-SWAT fusion framework for the Fen River
Core Problem: The Fen River Basin (FRB), a critical ecological corridor in China's Yellow River Basin, faces escalating water-security challenges under climate change and intensive human activities.
Key Innovation: We propose a physics-embedded deep learning (PIDL) paradigm with bidirectional coupling between mechanistic and data-driven engines: 1) SWAT-modeled soil water stress index (SWSI) and groundwater depth are embedded into...
243. Unveiling regional and seasonal sea level dynamics along China's coast: Insights from 30 Years of multi-mission satellite altimetry data
Core Problem: Sea Level Rise (SLR) is one of the most prominent climate change consequences, which persistently affects coastal inhabitants, infrastructure, and ecosystems.
Key Innovation: The study seeks to accurately estimate Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) from 1993 to 2023, utilising a multi-mission satellite altimeter combination and various optimization processes (e.g., bias removal, crossover minimisation,...
244. 3-D seismic response of moment-resisting frame considering soil-structure interaction: A semi-analytical solution
Core Problem: Large-span structures exhibit closely spaced modes of vibration, and are highly sensitive to vertical vibrations.
Key Innovation: This paper presents a 3-D foundation-moment-resisting frame (MRF) model of large-span structures incorporating SSI, and a semi-analytical solution for displacement of MRF model under incident 3-D seismic waves is propose...
245. A macro-element for circular shallow foundations on rigid inclusion-reinforced soil
Core Problem: This study presents a plasticity-based macro-element (ME) for circular shallow foundations on rigid-inclusion (RI)-reinforced, layered soils subjected to seismic loading.
Key Innovation: This study presents a plasticity-based macro-element (ME) for circular shallow foundations on rigid-inclusion (RI)-reinforced, layered soils subjected to seismic loading.
246. A modified stiffness matrix method based on precise integration method for free-field motion of layered transversely isotropic site
Core Problem: Engineering sites typically exhibit distinct layered and transversely isotropic (TI) characteristics, yet current free-field seismic response analyses often oversimplify sites as homogeneous and isotropic, leaving the se...
Key Innovation: This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the seismic response of layered transversely isotropic sites.
247. A stochastic synthesis method for near-fault ground motions incorporating fling-step effects
Core Problem: To realistically simulate the pulse characteristics associated with the fling-step effect in near-fault ground motions, a comprehensive stochastic pulse synthesis model, termed FNSDR-GW-FS, is proposed.
Key Innovation: The model integrates a high-frequency stochastic ground motion simulation based on a fully nonstationary spectral representation with an improved Gabor wavelet–based modeling of low-frequency velocity pulses, while expli...
248. An enhanced semi-active nonlinear negative stiffness control strategy based on isolation-story displacement triggering
Core Problem: This study proposes a displacement-triggered semi-active nonlinear negative stiffness device (DTSA-NNSD) control strategy to enhance the seismic resilience of base-isolated structures.
Key Innovation: This study proposes a displacement-triggered semi-active nonlinear negative stiffness device (DTSA-NNSD) control strategy to enhance the seismic resilience of base-isolated structures.
249. Characterization of dynamic behavior of clay-gravel mixtures under high cyclic strains in undrained triaxial conditions
Core Problem: This study investigates the variations of strain-dependent shear-modulus reduction and damping for saturated clay-gravel mixtures (CGMs) under varying gravel content (GC) and effective confining pressure ( p′ ).
Key Innovation: This study investigates the variations of strain-dependent shear-modulus reduction and damping for saturated clay-gravel mixtures (CGMs) under varying gravel content (GC) and effective confining pressure ( p′ ).
250. Design, mechanical model, and seismic performance of a novel variable-stiffness SMA damper
Core Problem: In bridge seismic isolation, achieving an optimal balance between isolation and displacement control is essential for ensuring structural resilience.
Key Innovation: This study proposes a novel variable-stiffness SMA cable damper based on a series–parallel conversion mechanism.
251. Generation of spectrum-compatible near-fault ground motions based on time-domain wavelet superposition
Core Problem: Conventional techniques for generating spectrum-compatible ground motions are inadequate for near-fault ground motions due to the presence of velocity pulses in certain near-fault ground motions.
Key Innovation: This study presents a method for generating spectrum-compatible ground motions that applies to all types of near-fault ground motions (forward-directivity, fling-step, and non-pulse ground motions).
252. Normalized response spectrum of near-fault pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs) based on PGA and PGD attenuation
Core Problem: Near-fault pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs), characterized by pronounced velocity pulses, increase demand on the seismic design of mid-to long-period structures.
Key Innovation: To address these issues, this study proposes a direction-independent normalized pseudo-velocity response spectrum ( PSv n ) prediction model.
253. Overturning resistance of rocking columns with novel self-centering unilateral viscous damper pulley systems (SUVDPS)
Core Problem: Rocking columns possess re-centering capability, but their energy dissipation capacity is limited, which may lead to significant response and even cause overturning under seismic excitation.
Key Innovation: To deal with such issues, a novel self-centering unilateral viscous damper pulley system (SUVDPS) based on the amplification mechanism of pulleys is here proposed as an effective control device.
254. Seismic input method for layered soils in static-dynamic coupling analyses based on infinite element boundaries
Core Problem: For static-dynamic coupling analysis of soil–structure interaction (SSI) in semi-infinite layered soils under seismic actions, careful attention must be paid to both the inconsistency between static and dynamic artificia...
Key Innovation: In this study, matrix decomposition techniques are used to rigorously justify and validate an equivalent treatment that represents infinite element boundary effects via equivalent nodal forces, consistent with real initi...
255. Seismic performance of simply supported hot rolled shape steel–UHPC composite girder bridges under near-fault ground motions
Core Problem: The hot rolled shape steel (HRSS)–ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) composite girder bridge proposed by the authors is a novel bridge type, which can achieve a substantial weight reduction of about 50 %.
Key Innovation: This bridge type is expected to lower seismic inertial forces and demands on the substructure.
256. Seismic reliability analysis of aqueduct structures considering uncertainty in magnetorheological damper gaps
Core Problem: To clarify how manufacturing-induced damping-gap deviations affect the seismic performance of aqueducts controlled by magnetorheological (MR) dampers, this study proposes an integrated experimental–numerical–reliability...
Key Innovation: To clarify how manufacturing-induced damping-gap deviations affect the seismic performance of aqueducts controlled by magnetorheological (MR) dampers, this study proposes an integrated experimental–numerical–reliability...
257. Sensitivity of seismic pile responses to interface assumptions under SH-wave incidence incorporating the coupling effect between debonding and sliding
Core Problem: Existing continuum-based studies commonly simplify the pile-soil interface as fully smooth or rough, and the significance of sliding, particularly its coupling effect with debonding under seismic action, remains a subjec...
Key Innovation: Existing continuum-based studies commonly simplify the pile-soil interface as fully smooth or rough, and the significance of sliding, particularly its coupling effect with debonding under seismic action, remains a subjec...
258. Simplified assessment of corroded structures
Core Problem: Considering the condition of the reinforcement complicates further the problem of seismic assessment.
Key Innovation: However, the guidelines do not consider the condition of reinforcement, which was proven to affect the member's residual mechanical properties, the hierarchy of failure modes and the consequences on seismic performance.
259. Vibration mitigation for high-rise buildings by a single-sided vibro-impact bistable nonlinear energy sink
Core Problem: This paper proposes a single-sided vibro-impact bistable nonlinear energy sink (SSVI-BNES), which combines a single-sided vibro-impact mechanism with bistable characteristics.
Key Innovation: This paper proposes a single-sided vibro-impact bistable nonlinear energy sink (SSVI-BNES), which combines a single-sided vibro-impact mechanism with bistable characteristics.
260. Unified pseudo-static seismic reduction factors for shallow foundations via an earth-pressure framework
Core Problem: This paper presents a unified and physically consistent method for evaluating the seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations, based on classical earth pressure theory and a reinterpretation of the failure mechanism...
Key Innovation: This paper presents a unified and physically consistent method for evaluating the seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations, based on classical earth pressure theory and a reinterpretation of the failure mechanism...
261. Evaluating the performance differences between standard and elasticized EPS used in integral abutments
Core Problem: Integral abutments are widely used in bridge construction due to their cost-effectiveness and improved seismic performance.
Key Innovation: This study presents a novel testing methodology to evaluate the performance of the EPS based on cyclic strain controlled load, applied at a rate determined based on quasi-static condition.
262. A Cascade‐Like Energy Dissipation Mechanism Behind the Gradual Achievement of River Equilibrium Sinuosity
Core Problem: The prediction of river planimetric evolution and related interactions with anthropic activities and public safety is one of the most critical aspects in the planning of a sustainable land‐use.
Key Innovation: Since the beginning of the past century, a large number of theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the investigation of river meandering dynamics, coming to sometimes contrasting conclusions in the forecast...
263. A Novel Hydrological Signature‐Informed Framework for Enhancing Streamflow Prediction Using Multi‐Task Learning
Core Problem: However, their integration into parameter optimization for deep learning (DL)‐based hydrological models has been limited.
Key Innovation: To address this gap, we propose a novel HS‐informed framework that dynamically integrates HS into DL parameterization through a multi‐task learning approach.
264. Adaptation Triggers and Indicator Interpretability for Dynamic Reoptimization of Reservoir Control Policies Under Climate Change
Core Problem: Recent studies have shown the potential for reservoir control policies to adapt to uncertain future climate and demand by reoptimizing on a fixed time interval.
Key Innovation: This study develops a framework to identify dynamic decisions on two levels: an “outer loop” adaptation policy that establishes indicator thresholds for reoptimization based on recently observed data, and an “inner loop”...
265. Hydrologic Dynamics of Ephemerally Flooded Playas in a Dryland Environment
Core Problem: Ephemerally flooded playas are common in the southwestern United States and globally in drylands.
Key Innovation: Often formed in closed basins, playas are depressions which inundate infrequently from local precipitation and streamflow produced near the playa or from upland areas.
266. Spatial Covariability of Extreme Floods Over the Coterminous United States: Co‐Dependency Measures and Their Statistical Significance
Core Problem: Yet, analysis of rare, high‐magnitude floods is challenged by the limited sample size.
Key Innovation: This study investigates the spatial covariability of extreme floods across the coterminous United States (CONUS) for large return periods (2–100 years) by proposing three distinct co‐dependency measures: (a) annual co‐oc...
267. Effects of fire severity on soil organic matter: a multi-isotope (C, N, H, O) comparison of wildfires and experimental burns
Core Problem: Fire severity is key in shaping soil organic matter (SOM) composition, affecting biogeochemical cycles and post-fire recovery.
Key Innovation: However, accurately assessing fire severity is highly challenging, requiring the implementation of soil burn severity (SBS) indexes.
268. Effects of wildfire on sandstone outcrops and environmental consequences, Bohemian Switzerland NP, Czech Republic
Core Problem: The impact of wildfires on natural sandstone outcrops remains a poorly studied topic.
Key Innovation: Taking the area affected by the big 2022 fire in the Bohemian Switzerland NP as the study site, fire-induced changes in sandstone outcrops were documented using a combination of unconventional, yet complementary approach...
269. The role of moss crusts in soil organic carbon accumulation and microbial ecological regulation in post-fire karst areas of Guizhou, China
Core Problem: Wildfires frequently occur in karst areas, posing a severe threat to soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and microbial ecological functions.
Key Innovation: However, it remains unclear how different vegetation types regulate this recovery process following fire events.
270. AVIRIS‐3 Rapid Response to January 2025 Los Angeles Wildfires
Core Problem: Low‐latency impact assessment is critical for wildfire response, yet immediate access to fire‐affected communities can be limited.
Key Innovation: Here, we demonstrate that unmixing char/ash fractional cover using imaging spectroscopy data can support rapid structural damage assessment.
271. Remote Forcing of Super Typhoon Mawar on the 2023 Quebec Wildfires
Core Problem: Typhoons and wildfires are major global climate and environmental hazards, yet their potential interactions remain poorly understood, particularly through remote atmospheric forcing.
Key Innovation: Taking the 2023 Quebec wildfires as an example, we investigate how a tropical cyclone can influence wildfire‐favorable conditions.
272. Wildfire Ignition‐Day Vapor Pressure Deficit Trend and Its Weakening Atmospheric Circulation Control Over the Western United States
Core Problem: Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a key fire weather indicator linked to increased burned areas in western US.
Key Innovation: Despite a strong increase in regional VPD due to climate change, we find no significant trend in VPD on fire ignition days (VPDF).
273. TSAI: A Novel Temporal and Spatial Anomaly Index for Forest Fire Detection
Core Problem: Efficient fire detection is crucial for minimizing wildfire potential impact.
Key Innovation: In this study, a new index, Temporal and Spatial Anomaly Index (TSAI), is proposed for fire detection.
274. Assessing post-fire rehabilitation: Development and validation of a continuous monitoring index
Core Problem: Successful post-fire rehabilitation is of utmost importance in wildfire-prone areas.
Key Innovation: Within the broader framework of postfire management, a tool that facilitates the continuous evaluation of applied strategies is therefore potentially essential.
275. Economic spillovers of wildfire recovery efforts in remote Indigenous communities in Canada: The case of Little Red River Cree Nation
Core Problem: This study examined the economic impacts of the reconstruction of Fox Lake , Alberta, following the 2023 Paskwa wildfire .
Key Innovation: Fox Lake , one of three reserves of the Little Red River Cree Nation , lost 190 homes and other critical community infrastructure.
276. Understanding unmet needs during community wildfire recovery: A case study of smoke damage impacts after the 2021 Marshall Fire
Core Problem: Efforts to understand, assess, and address diversifying recovery needs have growing relevance as wildfires continue to impact communities.
Key Innovation: However, little is known about social experiences navigating gaps in assistance funding and support or “unmet needs” in post-fire spaces, particularly for indirect impacts like smoke damage.
277. Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 318: Quantifying VIIRS and ABI Contributions to Hourly Dead Fuel Moisture Content Estimation Using Machine Learning
Core Problem: Remote Sensing, Vol.
Key Innovation: 18, Pages 318: Quantifying VIIRS and ABI Contributions to Hourly Dead Fuel Moisture Content Estimation Using Machine Learning Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18020318 Authors: John S.
278. Hybrid unsupervised methods and inject-multiply morphological features for mapping wildfire burned areas with multi-spectral satellite data
Core Problem: Mapping wildfire burned areas using satellite imagery is essential for immediate response measures as well as for long-term recovery planning.
Key Innovation: These maps provide critical information to response teams, allowing them to effectively allocate resources and prioritize affected areas.
279. Kernel density change: A new bitemporal lidar metric for directly mapping wildland fire fuel consumption
Core Problem: Biomass consumed in fires has direct ties to the carbon cycle and atmospheric emissions.
Key Innovation: Though pre- and post-fire aboveground fuel biomass can be estimated using ground measurements, scaling of fuel load and consumption estimates requires remote sensing.
280. Experimental investigation on the fire performance of novel multi-scale fiber reinforced UHPC segments
Core Problem: The limitations of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) lining segments in complex geological and fire-prone environments have driven the demand for more durable and fire-resilient materials in shield tunnel constructio...
Key Innovation: This study develops a multi-scale fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (MSFUHPC) incorporating steel, polyethylene, and carbon fibers, together with fly ash cenospheres (CE), aiming to enhance thermal stabili...
281. Structural fire behavior of tunnel sections: assessing the effects of full burnout and spalling effects
Core Problem: Results show that spalling increases heat penetration and shifts damage class: circumferential rebar peaks at about 650°C with spalling versus about 400°C without; the heated-concrete depth above 300°C increases from 75...
Key Innovation: A simplified, rate-based spalling model to bound outcomes (no-spalling maps to lower bound; spalling maps to upper bound) is implemented, and damage is classified using four indicators: reinforcement temperature, depth o...