TerraMosaic Daily Digest: Mar 8, 2026
Daily Summary
This March 8, 2026 digest compiles 73 selected papers from 981 analyzed studies. The clearest advances come from landslide and subsidence modelling: regional co-seismic landslide size prediction becomes more interpretable when physical constraints are embedded in the model architecture; Kerala susceptibility mapping shows that physiographic differentiation matters for monsoon terrain; and two subsidence studies demonstrate that aquifer consolidation and groundwater management must be modelled dynamically rather than as static response surfaces. Across these papers, the decisive shift is from descriptive mapping to prediction tied to mechanism.
A second cluster centers on coastal and urban flood systems conditioned by groundwater, sea level, and wetland processes. High-resolution inundation forecasting now couples hydrodynamic interaction with multimodal deep learning; probabilistic metropolitan flood mapping integrates exposure and equity; and national classification of coastal shallow groundwater in New Zealand separates water-table rise from salinization pathways. Meanwhile, offshore freshwater appraisal, coastal geothermal circulation, and wetland inundation frameworks show that many hazards emerge through slow boundary-condition change long before discrete disaster. Infrastructure studies on tunnels, retrofit design, and rescue allocation reinforce the same point: resilience increasingly depends on coupled simulations that resolve chronic stress accumulation as carefully as extreme events.
Key Trends
The main trajectory is from descriptive hazard mapping to mechanism-constrained prediction and resilience design under chronic forcing.
- Landslide and subsidence models are becoming physically interpretable: co-seismic landslide sizing, thick-alluvium subsidence prediction, and groundwater-managed compaction scenarios all embed explicit process constraints rather than relying on black-box correlation.
- Flood risk is being reframed as a coupled urban-coastal system: urban inundation, non-storm flooding, surge exposure, wind-driven sea-level variability, and shallow-groundwater response are analyzed as interacting pathways.
- Groundwater has become a first-order hazard variable: depletion, salinization, offshore freshwater storage, hard-rock permeability, and tunnel heat exchange all depend on resolving subsurface structure and flow connectivity.
- Wetlands are treated as dynamic boundary conditions, not passive land cover: inundation frequency, nutrient filtering, carbon burial, and vegetation-driven coastal change are quantified together to expose trade-offs in resilience planning.
- Infrastructure resilience is moving toward operational design: seismic retrofit workflows, rescue-team allocation, cross-tunnel response, and energy-retrofitted tunnels translate hazard analysis directly into design and response decisions.
Selected Papers
This digest features 73 selected papers from 981 papers analyzed across multiple journals. Each paper has been evaluated for its relevance to landslide and broader geohazard research and includes links to the original publications.
1. Assessment of landslide susceptibility using statistical and random forest methods in selected catchments in Kerala, India
Core Problem: Aggregated mapping in Kerala obscures how landslide susceptibility varies across physiographically distinct monsoon catchments.
Key Innovation: Compared RF and frequency-ratio methods across five catchments and showed that RF produces more differentiated susceptibility patterns with stronger predictive skill.
2. Implementing groundwater management strategies to mitigate human-induced subsidence through numerical simulation
Core Problem: Persistent groundwater over-extraction in the Borkhar Plain is driving aquifer compaction and damaging land subsidence.
Key Innovation: Used an InSAR-calibrated MODFLOW-SUB framework to test recharge and pumping-control scenarios and identify combinations that can substantially suppress subsidence.
3. Physics-informed synergy regional co-seismic landslide size prediction: A novel data-driven approach for improved reliability and interpretability
Core Problem: Purely data-driven landslide size models rely too heavily on landscape covariates and remain weak in physical interpretability.
Key Innovation: Introduced a physics-informed framework that embeds slope morphology and energy-line-based kinetic constraints into machine learning for more reliable co-seismic landslide size prediction.
4. Prediction Method and Application of Dynamic Surface Subsidence in Deep-Buried Thick Alluvium Considering Aquifer Consolidation
Core Problem: Existing subsidence prediction methods do not adequately capture the time-dependent effect of aquifer dewatering and consolidation under thick alluvium.
Key Innovation: Built a staged dynamic subsidence model that superimposes strata movement and aquifer-consolidation effects and validated it against field monitoring data.
5. A 500‐kyr Pluvial Interval Triggered Lacustrine Carbon Burial in Late Cretaceous East Asia
Core Problem: Direct evidence for regional extreme precipitation during the early Late Cretaceous hothouse is sparse, limiting reconstruction of links among monsoon intensity, flooding, and carbon burial.
Key Innovation: Used magnesium and strontium isotopes from Songliao Basin dolostones to identify a roughly 500-kyr pluvial interval with rainfall above 2,000 mm/yr that intensified weathering, lake flooding, and lacustrine carbon burial.
6. Classifying vulnerability to sea-level rise of coastal shallow groundwater at the national scale for New Zealand
Core Problem: National-scale coastal groundwater vulnerability is difficult to classify in ways that separate saltwater intrusion risk from shallow water-table rise.
Key Innovation: Applied a water-table-ratio framework to classify New Zealand aquifers into head-controlled and flux-controlled systems for adaptation planning.
7. Ecosystem service trade-off of salt marshes as coastal nutrient filters versus greenhouse gas sinks
Core Problem: Quantifying whether salt marshes can retain their nutrient-filtering function without incurring disproportionate greenhouse-gas penalties remains unresolved in coastal restoration planning.
Key Innovation: Combined hydrogeological modelling with greenhouse-gas flux measurements to quantify nitrate delivery, marsh uptake, and N2O/CH4 emissions, resolving the trade-off between nutrient filtering and climate regulation.
8. High-resolution urban flooding inundation forecasting through hydrodynamic interaction and multimodal deep learning
Core Problem: Urban flood forecasting often underrepresents the coupled interaction between drainage networks and surface inundation.
Key Innovation: Proposed a tightly coupled hydrodynamic-deep learning framework that improves high-resolution inundation prediction through multimodal feature fusion.
9. Mapping tomorrow’s flood: a probabilistic, equity-centered risk assessment for the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area
Core Problem: Hazard-only flood maps miss how future climate impacts interact with exposure and social vulnerability across metropolitan areas.
Key Innovation: Integrated stochastic precipitation, physically based runoff estimation, and a composite vulnerability-aware risk index to map future flood risk redistribution.
10. New InSAR and seismology analysis of the 1995 Aigion Mw 6.2 earthquake (Greece)
Core Problem: The source-fault geometry of the 1995 Aigion earthquake remains debated, limiting confidence in regional hazard interpretation.
Key Innovation: Combined InSAR and teleseismic inversion to favor a south-dipping normal fault model, revising earlier structural interpretations.
11. Understanding how flood risk managers describe and adapt to non-storm flood events in low-lying coastal jurisdictions of the US central Atlantic coastline
Core Problem: Frequent non-storm tidal flooding is growing, but management frameworks still fail to capture its localized and cumulative impacts.
Key Innovation: Used practitioner interviews to show that micro-scale hotspots, service disruption, and terminology gaps are central to improving coastal flood adaptation.
12. Vulnerability of coastal infrastructure to extreme floodings: case study of Varandey area, Barents Sea, Russian Arctic
Core Problem: Arctic coastal infrastructure remains highly exposed to surge-driven flooding, but the asset-level and indirect consequences are poorly quantified.
Key Innovation: Coupled surge forecasting with DEM-based flood zoning and economic-loss estimation to show the large direct and indirect costs of low-probability flood events.
13. Wind impact on sea level variability along the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts: implications to coastal flooding hazard
Core Problem: Coastal flood assessments often understate the role of offshore wind forcing in non-tidal sea-level variability.
Key Innovation: Decomposed wind fields by direction and showed that offshore winds explain a substantial fraction of sea-level variability at many tide-gauge stations.
14. A comprehensive study on the effects of chloride corrosion on hysteretic behaviors of thin-walled cast-in-place and precast hollow piers
Core Problem: The seismic durability of thin-walled cast-in-place versus precast hollow piers under chloride corrosion remains poorly constrained, especially at connections and stirrup-controlled core zones.
Key Innovation: Used accelerated-corrosion cyclic tests and OpenSees modelling to show that interface-region corrosion and rapid stirrup degradation drive faster loss of strength and ductility in precast thin-walled hollow piers.
15. A Hybrid Data Assimilation Approach Integrating Kalman With Deep Learning‐Based Updates for Nonlinear and Non‐Gaussian Groundwater Systems
Core Problem: Traditional groundwater data assimilation performs poorly in high-dimensional nonlinear systems with non-Gaussian behavior.
Key Innovation: Developed a hybrid Kalman plus deep-learning update strategy that improves stability, efficiency, and inversion performance for complex groundwater systems.
16. An optimal allocation model for emergency rescue teams from the perspective of earthquake catastrophe scenario reproduction
Core Problem: Post-earthquake rescue efficiency depends on fast team allocation, but planning frameworks insufficiently connect scenario severity, tasking, and collaboration.
Key Innovation: Reconstructed a Tangshan-earthquake catastrophe scenario and optimized rescue allocation with NSGA-II plus clustering and fuzzy logic.
17. Analyzing the mixed traffic flow characteristics with connected automated vehicles in freeway tunnels
Core Problem: Freeway tunnels are essential infrastructure in mountainous regions but pose unique traffic challenges.
Key Innovation: This study developed a tunnel-tailored car-following model for Human-driven Vehicles (HDVs) and advanced control strategies for CAVs, aiming to bridge the gap between microscopic driving behavior and macroscopic tunnel traffic analysis.
18. Dynamic behavior of cross-tunnels considering the influence of above-ground structures
Core Problem: The coupled response of cross-tunnel systems and overlying buildings remains poorly understood under dynamic and seismic loading.
Key Innovation: Used 3D finite-element simulations to show how tunnel geometry and building layout redistribute dynamic demand and alter seismic performance.
19. Energy retrofitting of the Olimpia motorway tunnel
Core Problem: Tunnel rehabilitation is usually treated as a maintenance problem rather than an opportunity to upgrade long-term energy and winter-safety performance.
Key Innovation: Documented the first systematic conversion of an existing tunnel section into an energy geostructure, coupling geothermal piping in the lining and pavement and validating both anti-icing and solar-collection performance in field tests.
20. Glacier changes and their impact on water resources in the qilian mountains, China between 1970 and 2020
Core Problem: Arid-region water systems increasingly depend on glacier runoff, but long-term shifts toward peak water remain uncertain at basin scale.
Key Innovation: Integrated remote sensing, historical data, and mass-balance modeling to show strong glacier retreat and weakening runoff buffering in the Qilian Mountains.
21. Influence of spatial variability of permeability on thermal performance of energy tunnels
Core Problem: Energy-tunnel assessments often assume homogeneous permeability, creating error where groundwater flow is spatially variable.
Key Innovation: Applied Monte Carlo simulations with random permeability fields to show when heterogeneity materially changes tunnel heat-exchange performance.
22. Multi‐State Rheology in Dense Particle‐Liquid Channel Flows Over Bumpy Bed and Its Constitutive Modeling
Core Problem: Dense particle-liquid flows relevant to debris-flow behavior remain difficult to model because granular stress evolves across multiple interaction states.
Key Innovation: Developed a multi-state rheological model that links frictional and collisional stress regimes using experiments and constitutive analysis.
23. Novel insights into deep groundwater exploration by geophysical estimation of hard rock permeability
Core Problem: Hard-rock deep aquifers are difficult to characterize using sparse, expensive borehole measurements alone.
Key Innovation: Demonstrated a calibrated CSAMT workflow for estimating deep 2D and 3D permeability structure to support groundwater exploration in complex terrains.
24. Numerical simulation and experimental study: dynamic ventilation patterns and air quality analysis in moving subway trains
Core Problem: The subway environment has a significant impact on passengers’ health and comfort.
Key Innovation: To assess the actual air quality inside moving subway trains, field tests were conducted on three subway lines in Shanghai to measure carbon dioxide concentrations and fresh air supply rates in different train cars.
25. Rethinking unconventional groundwater resources from continental shelves: Insights from the Po-Adriatic system
Core Problem: Offshore freshwater stored in continental shelves remains under-characterized despite growing coastal water stress.
Key Innovation: Reused public geophysical and stratigraphic data to quantify fresh and brackish offshore groundwater volumes and assess their connectivity and renewability.
26. Seismic retrofitting of RC frames with steel braces: a displacement-based design approach
Core Problem: Seismic codes assess existing RC frames but provide limited direct guidance for designing brace-based retrofit systems.
Key Innovation: Proposed a displacement-based retrofit workflow that links target displacement to brace strength while controlling soft-storey formation and local demand amplification.
27. SPAMS10: InSAR-derived soil motion parameters to model relative peat surface elevation changes
Core Problem: Peat subsidence poses a significant challenge to long-term land and environmental stability.
Key Innovation: In this study, we publish the SPAMS10 dataset, which includes both physical and statistical parameters, along with additional contextual information at the parcel level.
28. Study on the evolution law of disturbed stress in soft rock tunnel constructed by three-bench method
Core Problem: Multi-step excavation in deeply buried soft-rock tunnels creates complex spatial and temporal stress disturbance that complicates support design.
Key Innovation: Combined field stress monitoring, creep-based simulation, and SDI analysis to resolve how disturbance propagates through staged tunnel excavation.
29. WetFramework: A deep learning framework for coastal wetland boundary extraction and inundation frequency estimation
Core Problem: Coastal wetland monitoring lacks integrated methods that jointly capture boundary evolution and temporal inundation behavior at fine scales.
Key Innovation: Combined transformer-style feature extraction, wavelet reconstruction, and Fourier-based inundation estimation to map wetland boundaries and tidal rhythms.
30. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and thematic trends in emerging contaminants in groundwater (1999–2024)
Core Problem: Emerging contaminants (ECs) in groundwater systems pose critical risks to global ecological security and public health.
Key Innovation: To address this, this study presented a systematic bibliometric analysis of 7,925 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (1999–2024).
31. A multi-tracer approach to constraining water sources of culturally and ecologically significant natural springs: Combining environmental isotopes and environmental DNA
Core Problem: Managing culturally and ecologically important springs requires clearer identification of groundwater sources and flow paths under growing anthropogenic pressure on hydrological systems.
Key Innovation: Combined hydrochemistry, isotopes, radiotracers, strontium signatures, and eDNA to resolve inter-aquifer flow, recharge zones, and spring-specific flow paths for Great Artesian Basin springs in Carnarvon Gorge.
32. Adhesion Strength Model for Ice–Rock Interface Based on Centrifugal Tests and its Application to Ice Detachment Simulation
Core Problem: The adhesion strength of glaciers to underlying bedrock is a key factor controlling their stability on steep slopes or cliffs.
Key Innovation: In this study, a novel centrifugal testing method was developed for measuring ice–bedrock adhesion strength.
33. Behavior of Coastal Amagmatic Geothermal Systems: Thermal–Hydraulic Modeling Insights From La Jolla Beach, Baja California, Mexico
Core Problem: The controls that localize and sustain high-temperature amagmatic hot-spring discharge along coastal faults remain poorly constrained.
Key Innovation: Calibrated 3D thermal-hydraulic simulations for La Jolla Beach showing deep meteoric recharge along the Agua Blanca Fault, seawater acting as a hydraulic barrier, and coastal sediments focusing hot upwelling at the shoreline.
34. Estimating Discharge From Undular Hydraulic Jumps: Feasibility Assessment Based on Flume Experiments
Core Problem: Discharge estimation from undular hydraulic jumps remains uncertain in flood-relevant flume and channel conditions.
Key Innovation: Evaluated the feasibility of inferring discharge from undular-jump characteristics using controlled flume experiments.
35. Geochemical variation and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation in fish species from two estuaries in South India
Core Problem: Heavy metal contamination and bioaccumulation across sediment, water, and fish in the Vaippar and Vembar estuaries lacked an integrated baseline assessment.
Key Innovation: Combined sediment geochemistry, water quality, ecological risk indices, and fish bioaccumulation metrics to show mainly anthropogenic enrichment, moderate waterborne bioavailability, and trophic-transfer risk for local fisheries.
36. Hydrogeochemistry and water quality in the transboundary Koshi Basin, central Himalayas
Core Problem: Rivers are essential for water supply, agriculture, hydropower, and biodiversity, yet they face increasing threats from climate change and pollution globally.
Key Innovation: This study investigates the hydrogeochemistry and water quality dynamics of the basin, focusing on seasonal and spatial variations and their implications for drinking and irrigation suitability.
37. Impacts of Coastal Underground Brine Exploitation on the Depletion of Shallow Brine in Beach and Neritic Zones
Core Problem: The reserves and depletion pathways of shallow beach and neritic brine systems remain poorly quantified under ongoing extraction.
Key Innovation: Combined field survey and numerical modeling to estimate resource volumes and reveal rapid depletion under current exploitation modes.
38. Impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on fractions and fungal communities of mineral-associated organic carbon in subtropical coastal wetlands of China
Core Problem: Understanding the stabilization pathways of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) under plant invasion is critical for predicting soil carbon dynamics in coastal wetlands.
Key Innovation: Quantified post-invasion shifts in MAOC fractions and fungal functional structure, showing increases in iron/aluminum- and calcium-associated MAOC and a saprotroph-dominated community linked to stronger blue-carbon resilience.
39. Integrated soil–crop system management stabilizes soil organic carbon in saline soils via calcium-mediated synergy between microbial and mineral carbon pumps
Core Problem: The sustainable intensification of saline agriculture is crucial for global food security.
Key Innovation: While single soil or crop practices can raise soil organic carbon (SOC), how integrated soil-crop system management (ISCM) shapes SOC sequestration pathways under saline conditions remains unclear.
40. Inundation increases wetland soil organic carbon through microbial necromass rather than plant lignin components
Core Problem: Although wetlands are known to be important carbon sinks, the mechanisms governing soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilisation under different hydrological regimes remain unclear.
Key Innovation: Here, we conducted a 6-year field experiment in the Yellow River Delta wetland, China, with varying inundation depths (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40cm).
41. Mechanochemical Enhancement of Siderite‐To‐Magnetite Conversion in Faults
Core Problem: Magnetic minerals in fault rocks are used as thermal indicators, but shear-driven changes to their reaction thresholds are not well constrained.
Key Innovation: Showed experimentally that mechanical shearing lowers siderite thermal stability and advances magnetite formation in fault-zone conditions.
42. Prolonged Low‐Salinity in the Eastern Arabian Sea Associated With the 2020–2023 Triple‐Dip La Niña
Core Problem: The persistence of unusually low salinity in the eastern Arabian Sea from 2020 to 2023 required separation of remote La Niña forcing from local freshwater influences.
Key Innovation: Showed that the triple-dip La Niña forced an oceanic planetary-wave bridge that strengthened winter advection of low-salinity water into the basin, with freshwater flux contributing in other seasons.
43. Quantifying Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity to Atmospheric Chemistry and Composition Representations in GFDL‐CM4.0 and GFDL‐ESM4.1
Core Problem: Equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates remain uncertain because aerosol and chemistry feedbacks are represented inconsistently across climate models.
Key Innovation: Compared five chemistry-composition drivers in GFDL-CM4.0 and GFDL-ESM4.1 and showed they lower ECS by about 0.7 C in aggregate, with interactive stratospheric ozone producing the largest reduction.
44. Responses of sedimentary magnetic susceptibility and metal contents to climate and anthropogenic activity changes: examination on lake records across the Asian monsoon region
Core Problem: Environmental magnetism is well-established for paleoclimate reconstruction from loess-paleosol deposits, yet its application to lake sediments—which serve as complex source-to-sink systems—remains challenging.
Key Innovation: Our results revealed that in Lake Xingyun, carbonate content—primarily governed by lake productivity—accounted for a large portion of the variations in χ and metal concentrations across glacial-interglacial cycles.
45. Revisiting spatiotemporal dynamics of river fragmentation in complex estuarine systems
Core Problem: Conventional fragmentation assessments underrepresent river fragmentation in tidal estuarine systems because they miss interactions between hydrodynamics and both large and small barriers.
Key Innovation: Coupled hydrodynamic reconstruction with flow-alteration metrics in the Pearl River Delta to show strong seasonal and spatial fragmentation, post-2000 flow deviations, and major local effects from small barriers.
46. Simulation of the effects of land cover, soil degradation, and rainfall on runoff from a small tropical catchment using a minimally calibrated distributed model
Core Problem: Catchments undergoing shifting agriculture typically have a mosaic of land covers, with active agricultural fields, fallows in different stages of regrowth, remnant forest, and degraded grasslands.
Key Innovation: The simulated stormflow is 20–30% higher and deep percolation is ∼22% less for the current land cover than the scenario with a uniform fallow cover without soil degradation (1960 s baseline).
47. Soil water vapor adsorption and condensation governed by groundwater depth and vadose zone lithology in arid and semi-arid regions
Core Problem: Arid-zone studies often fail to separate soil water vapor adsorption from condensation, leading to overestimation of non-precipitation water inputs.
Key Innovation: Column experiments showed shallow groundwater is a major condensate source, the dominant vapor source shifts with groundwater depth, finer soils prolong condensation, and standard microlysimeters can overestimate condensate by conflating adsorption and condensation.
48. Source apportionment, hydro-geochemistry, drinking and irrigation suitability of groundwater in arid state of Rajasthan, India: a multivariate statistical perspective
Core Problem: Groundwater in arid Rajasthan is heavily relied upon, but the hydrogeochemical controls on drinking and irrigation suitability remain poorly constrained.
Key Innovation: Integrated major-ion chemistry, facies analysis, and multivariate statistics for 56 tubewells, showing geogenic fluoride, technogenic nitrate, dominant sodium-bicarbonate-chloride facies, and widespread unsuitability for both drinking and irrigation.
49. Summer temperature variations over the past 20,000 years and their influence on carbon burial in a wetland on the NE Tibetan plateau
Core Problem: Carbon burial in wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, yet its response to global warming remains poorly understood.
Key Innovation: Used cladoceran microfossils, total organic carbon, and XRF-Ca from a 20-kyr wetland sediment core to link summer temperature shifts to hydrological change and long-term carbon burial on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
50. The International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) version 2: Synthesis, data gaps, and future directions of soil radiocarbon data
Core Problem: Soil radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements are crucial for understanding soil carbon cycling over timescales ranging from years to millennia.
Key Innovation: Here, we present ISRaD version 2 (v2), which has grown significantly since its initial release in 2020.
51. Trade-off in wetland mineral-associated organic carbon under shrub expansion: Quantity over stability
Core Problem: As an important fraction of soil organic carbon (C), mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) is crucial for maintaining and stabilizing wetland C pool.
Key Innovation: These findings signify a shift in C storage strategy toward MAOC accumulation in shrub-encroached wetlands, but also underscore the imperative to address MAOC stability under projected global warming scenarios.
52. A century-scale sedimentary organic matter record of the South Yellow Sea: Response to climatic and anthropogenic changes in the Yellow River Basin
Core Problem: The burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle, with marginal seas being particularly important.
Key Innovation: The Yellow Sea possesses one of the most extensive continental shelves globally, which receives vast amounts of sediment from the Yellow River.
53. A Semi‐Analytical Model for Predicting the Depth‐Averaged Maximum Longitudinal Velocity in Fully Ice‐Covered Confluences
Core Problem: Fully ice-covered river confluences have complex hydrodynamics, but there has been no mechanistic framework for predicting the maximum longitudinal velocity that governs erosion and transport.
Key Innovation: Developed and validated a semi-analytical model for wake-mode and mixing-layer regimes that predicts depth-averaged maximum velocity with mean errors below 0.42%.
54. An exact solution for steady subsurface irrigation with free boundary
Core Problem: Fluid passes through the water table into the root zone.
Key Innovation: We present an exact solution for subsurface irrigation via horizontal perforated parallel pipes filled with water under pressure.
55. Analyzing and Quantifying Key Sources of Uncertainty in Intermittent Water Supply Simulation: Supply Characteristics, Household Tank Size and Time Series of Water Consumption From the Household Tanks
Core Problem: Deterministic intermittent water-supply models miss key uncertainties in supply characteristics, household tank size, and consumption patterns.
Key Innovation: Combined Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis and Sobol sensitivity analysis on an EPA-SWMM model to show supply characteristics dominate system performance while tank size has nonlinear effects on pressure and equity.
56. Asian Precipitation Changes in the Past Millennium: Projection of Volcanic Forcing Onto Internal Mode
Core Problem: The relative roles of internal variability and external volcanic forcing in shaping large-scale Asian precipitation over the last millennium remain unresolved.
Key Innovation: Demonstrated that the leading tripolar Asian precipitation pattern is mainly IPO-driven but can be synchronized and modulated by volcanic forcing through similar SST and circulation pathways.
57. Barchan dune interactions in 2D simulation
Core Problem: Barchan dune interactions are inherently complex, contributing to the homogenization of dune fields through collision and non-collision.
Key Innovation: In this study, 3D barchan dunes are simplified to their central slices as the 2D dunes, and the interactions between binary barchan dunes are investigated using a 2D numerical model.
58. Bipolar Oceanic Processes Drive Indonesian Throughflow Decline Under Climate Warming
Core Problem: Climate models project a weakening Indonesian Throughflow under warming, but AMOC and Indo-Pacific wind changes explain only part of the decline.
Key Innovation: Identified Southern Ocean warming and freshening as the missing driver and showed that Southern Ocean plus AMOC processes explain about 89% of modeled ITF weakening.
59. Carbonate weathering and geothermal inputs: dominant controls on the hydrochemistry of China’s Nianchu River
Core Problem: Understanding the hydrochemical dynamics of alpine arid basins is essential for ensuring sustainable water resources on the Tibetan Plateau.
Key Innovation: This study investigated the spatio-temporal variations and controlling mechanisms of water chemistry in the Nianchu River basin with a focus on the understudied influence of widely distributed geothermal springs.
60. Climate-driven drainage reorganization and fluvial incision in the Huangshui River Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Core Problem: Understanding how drainage network evolution responds to climatic and tectonic variations remains a key issue in geomorphology.
Key Innovation: This study addresses the paradox of delayed versus rapid fluvial incision observed along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin by examining how Pleistocene climate transitions influenced river incision and drainage network evolution.
61. Differential responses of plant-soil-microbe C:N:P stoichiometry to nitrogen addition in grassland ecosystems
Core Problem: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition, a major driver of global change, exerts profound effects on the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), as well as their stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P) in grassland ecosystems.
Key Innovation: Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 1168 observations from 83 published studies to quantitatively assess the impacts of N addition on the C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soils, and microbes across global grasslands.
62. Frontal‐Driven Water‐Mass Transformation in a Western Boundary Current: Evidence From the Yucatan Current
Core Problem: Gulf Common Water-like water masses observed in the western Yucatan Channel lacked a clear origin and formation mechanism.
Key Innovation: Combined mooring data and a high-resolution model to show they form locally when the Yucatan Current separates from the slope, creating frontal compression, submesoscale mixing, and export via cyclonic frontal eddies.
63. Global Warming Has Accelerated Significantly
Core Problem: Recent record-hot years renewed debate over whether global warming has accelerated beyond natural variability.
Key Innovation: After removing El Nino, volcanic, and solar variability, the study found statistically significant warming acceleration since about 2015 with more than 98% confidence.
64. Hemispheric Synoptic Patterns Control Rainfall and Long‐Range Aerosol Transport in the Amazon
Core Problem: Variability in African dust and smoke transport to the Amazon is not fully explained by air-mass trajectories alone, obscuring the controls on clean versus polluted conditions.
Key Innovation: Showed that regional rainfall and hemispheric synoptic patterns govern wet scavenging and aerosol delivery, linking clean periods to cold-air outbreaks and South Atlantic high-pressure anomalies.
65. Hydrochemical assessment and spatiotemporal variations for water quality in the Euphrates River in the western, central and southern of Iraq
Core Problem: The hydrochemistry of river water is influenced by a variety of factors such as geological substrate, atmospheric inputs, anthropogenic pollution, and in-situ biological processes.
Key Innovation: Assessed 22 stations along the Euphrates using hydrochemistry, water quality indices, and principal component analysis, showing sulphate- and chloride-dominated water ranging from poor to very poor overall quality but still broadly suitable for irrigation.
66. Hydrochemical Signals in Urban River-Lake Systems: Insights for Stable Ice Formation
Core Problem: The surface freezing process is a crucial and widespread driver of water chemistry dynamics.
Key Innovation: This study investigates the hydrochemical changes during seasonal freezing in an urban river-irrigated lake system.
67. Major Reservoir Regulation Reshapes the Composition and Fate of Particulate Organic Carbon in the Yellow River
Core Problem: Reservoir regulation alters the transport and composition of particulate organic carbon, but its effects under different operating regimes are poorly constrained.
Key Innovation: Used isotopic signatures and reactive iron-bound carbon to show Xiaolangdi Reservoir impoundment enriches petrogenic carbon, while sediment-regulation releases promote rapid mineralization and downstream carbon loss.
68. Modelling and assessing eutrophication and antibiotic risks in a lake system under large‑scale water diversion
Core Problem: Large-scale water diversion can reshape nutrient dynamics and contaminant transport, but its combined effects on eutrophication and antibiotic risk are difficult to evaluate.
Key Innovation: Applied a validated hydrodynamic-environmental model to Chaohu Lake and showed that the western diversion route reduces phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, and tetracycline more effectively than the eastern route while summer tetracycline risk remains high.
69. Organic carbon Loss from Forest watersheds may not alleviate nitrogen pollution: mechanisms and microbial insights
Core Problem: Excess fertilizer application in major grain-producing regions has caused significant accumulation of legacy nitrogen, resulting in severe diffuse nitrogen pollution.
Key Innovation: In this study, we investigated the characteristics of diffuse nitrogen pollution and microbial mechanisms underlying nitrogen concentration fluctuations on organic carbon loss in a forested agricultural watershed in North China.
70. Prehistoric anthropogenic heavy metal pollution and its correlations with climate evolution on the NE Tibetan Plateau
Core Problem: Existing heavy metal records place the spread of metallurgy into northwestern China at around 4 ka, but that timing conflicts with evidence for earlier metallurgical activity elsewhere.
Key Innovation: Reconstructed a 12-kyr Hurleg Lake heavy-metal and lead-isotope record showing anthropogenic pollution began around 6.3 cal kyr BP and shifted with climate-linked human migration between the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Hexi Corridor.
71. Three Centuries of ENSO Variability Inferred From Muna, Sulawesi, Indonesia Teak δ18O: Limited Response to Radiative Forcing
Core Problem: Whether ENSO variability over the last few centuries shows a strong response to volcanic, solar, or greenhouse radiative forcing remains uncertain.
Key Innovation: Built a 338-year teak cellulose isotope proxy from Muna and found a post-volcanic tendency toward ENSO warm-phase events but limited evidence for solar or greenhouse-forced changes beyond unforced variability.
72. Transport and retention mechanisms of microplastics at confluence: Focus on the effect of confluence ratio
Core Problem: Microplastic pollution has become a major human health threat.
Key Innovation: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms by which the confluence ratio influences microplastic transport and retention at river confluences.
73. Variogram Time Series Analysis Applied to the Spatial Structure of Snow Accumulation
Core Problem: Hydrologic monitoring and modeling need a robust way to quantify the spatial correlation scale of interannual snow accumulation and precipitation patterns.
Key Innovation: Introduced variogram time series analysis for station networks and showed Southern Rocky Mountain snow accumulation stays strongly correlated to roughly 90-100 km, with partial correlation extending to about 380 km.