TerraMosaic Daily Digest: April 23, 2026
Daily Summary
April 23's papers are less a catalogue of hazard types than a set of attempts to expose hidden controls on failure. Granular-flow mobility is tied to system size, creeping zones, and suppressed velocity fluctuations; debris-flow basal slip is measured directly in the field; cliff instability is resolved through repeated UAV point clouds rather than post-event scarps; and tailings, loess, frozen rock, and jointed slopes are treated through deformation, pore structure, structural-plane evolution, or material contrast. The common advance is not a new label for hazardous terrain, but a sharper view of the variable that governs the transition from deformation to motion.
The same emphasis on mechanism appears in the urban and engineered systems. Ground fissures are separated into fault inheritance, groundwater extraction, hydraulic erosion, and basement control; land subsidence studies distinguish aquifer rebound from construction, mining, and localized loading; and dam, tunnel, retaining-wall, roadbed, goaf, and tailings papers make boundary conditions explicit rather than folding them into generic safety factors. Flood, tsunami, and earthquake studies extend the frame to rare events: dynamic coastal inundation, long reforecasts, probabilistic transformers, GNSS-ionosphere warning, induced seismicity, and post-earthquake gas expansion all ask how much structure can be recovered before observation gives way to impact.
Key Trends
The technical center of gravity is not classification alone; it is the recovery of causal variables that can survive translation into warning, design, or mitigation.
- Failure mechanics are being parameterized from observables: Volume effects in granular flow, basal slip in debris flows, freeze-thaw damage in rock slopes, dry-wet loess creep, joint-wall contrasts, and UAV-resolved cliff deformation all move from qualitative process narratives toward measurable controls.
- Deformation mapping is shifting toward attribution: InSAR is paired with UAV surveys, SHAP analysis, coherence change, aquifer tests, and multi-platform archives to separate mining, groundwater, construction, reclamation, and stabilization signals.
- Engineered systems are being modeled through their boundary conditions: Dam cavity geometry, core material, near-fault pulse dependence, retaining-wall hydrostatic pressure, tunnel fault creep, mud-pumping hydraulics, goaf water, and structural-plane exposure become primary hazard variables.
- Water hazards are lengthening their temporal lens: Dynamic coastal flood models, reforecast-based flood estimation, probabilistic long-range forecasting, extreme-rainfall precursor networks, urban channel-capacity tests, and storm-surge adaptation studies all focus on usable lead time.
- Seismic and volcanic papers emphasize linked event sequences: Tsunami-generating rupture, ionospheric tsunami detection, post-seismic fault reactivation, induced earthquakes, earthquake-swarm preparedness, delayed gas-driven hazards, volcanic critical transitions, and vent prediction are treated as coupled chains rather than isolated events.
Selected Papers
This digest features 80 selected papers from 1,823 papers analyzed. The sequence begins with process-level advances in landslide, debris-flow, and rock-slope mechanics, then broadens to deformation-driven urban geohazards, coastal and fluvial flood intelligence, and engineering systems where monitoring is tied directly to warning, mitigation, or resilience decisions.
1. How Volume Increases the Mobility of Geophysical Granular Flow: A Unified Rheological Perspective
Core Problem: Runout prediction for large geophysical granular flows is still limited by the uncertain transfer of small-scale rheology to natural landslides, rock avalanches, and debris flows.
Key Innovation: The study uses discrete-element simulations to show that increasing volume suppresses velocity fluctuations, expands creeping zones, and produces a power-law rheology that unifies transient flow behavior from initiation to deposition.
2. Dynamic landslide susceptibility mapping using swarm intelligence and multi-temporal InSAR
Core Problem: Mining-region landslide susceptibility maps often remain static even though deformation, excavation disturbance, and rainfall change slope states through time.
Key Innovation: The paper combines MaxEnt-guided sampling, swarm-intelligence-optimized ANN models, interpretability analysis, and multi-temporal InSAR update matrices to convert static susceptibility into deformation-sensitive dynamic landslide maps.
3. Investigation Methods of Large-Scale Milltailings Debris Flow Based on InSAR Deformation Monitoring and UAV Topographic Survey: Correlation and Comparison
Core Problem: Large abandoned tailings deposits are difficult to investigate after extreme rainfall because deformation is spatially heterogeneous and field access can be unsafe.
Key Innovation: Sentinel-1 SBAS-InSAR, UAV DEM differencing, and bivariate spatial autocorrelation are integrated to identify rainfall-responsive deformation clusters and debris-flow-related terrain change over a 22 km2 mine area.
4. Stability prediction and failure mechanisms of toppling perilous rocks under ice-wedge freeze-thaw cycles
Core Problem: Cold-region toppling rock failures are governed by cumulative ice-wedge damage, but efficient prediction of the transition from local fracture growth to catastrophic instability remains weak.
Key Innovation: The study couples an analytical stability expression with a physics-informed neural network to represent ice-wedge freeze-thaw action, structural-plane evolution, and instability thresholds in one prediction framework.
5. Using UAV‐derived point clouds to measure high resolution cliff dynamics in soft lithologies: Demons bluff, Victoria, Australia
Core Problem: Vertical and overhanging soft-rock cliffs are hazardous to survey and are poorly captured by terrain models that miss cliff-face deformation before collapse.
Key Innovation: A four-year, bi-monthly UAV-SfM point-cloud time series quantifies retreat, collapse volumes, and pre-collapse tilting or crack-driven deformation across 1.5 km of active sea cliffs.
6. Investigating the Dharali disaster in Uttarakhand, India on August 5, 2025: perspectives from multiple Earth observation datasets
Core Problem: The August 2025 Dharali disaster requires rapid reconstruction across rainfall, channel response, terrain change, and settlement exposure in a high-relief Himalayan catchment.
Key Innovation: The article synthesizes multiple Earth-observation datasets to examine the flash-flood/debris-flow pathway, geomorphic controls, and post-event evidence needed for Himalayan disaster interpretation.
7. Brief communication: In-situ measurements of basal sliding in natural debris flows
Core Problem: Basal sliding is central to debris-flow mobility models, yet direct in-situ measurements of basal slip velocities in natural debris flows have been missing.
Key Innovation: Paired conductivity sensors installed at the Lattenbach catchment provide preliminary field estimates of basal slip tendency during two natural debris-flow events, especially at the flow front.
8. Pan-European assessment of coastal flood hazards
Core Problem: Continental-scale coastal flood mapping often relies on static bathtub assumptions and coarse topography, obscuring storm dynamics and uncertainty.
Key Innovation: A 25 m pan-European dynamic flood model forced by local total-water-level hydrographs reconstructs events at more than 51,000 coastal points and quantifies sensitivity to storm type, hydrograph shape, elevation data, and defenses.
9. GNSS-based automated detection of the 2025 Kamchatka tsunami 30 minutes before landfall using GUARDIAN
Core Problem: Tsunami early warning still rarely uses automated ionospheric signatures in a form that can operate before landfall.
Key Innovation: The GUARDIAN Scout extension applies machine learning to GNSS ionospheric disturbances and detected the 2025 Kamchatka tsunami signature about 30 minutes before it reached Hawaii.
10. Trench‐Breaching Rupture of the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka Earthquake and How It Repeats the 1952 Event
Core Problem: It remained unclear whether the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka rupture reached the trench and how closely it repeated the 1952 great earthquake.
Key Innovation: Joint tsunami-GNSS inversion resolves a roughly 500 km unilateral rupture, peak slip near 16 m, and 10-13 m near-trench slip, showing a repeated trench-normal slip pattern relative to 1952.
11. Mechanisms of reactive ground fissures in the Taiyuan Basin: A comprehensive study
Core Problem: Dormant ground fissures are increasingly reactivating under groundwater extraction and urban loading, but their structural and hydrogeological controls remain difficult to separate.
Key Innovation: Field evidence, SBAS-InSAR, and peridynamic repair-bond simulation link Taiyuan Basin fissure reactivation to basement faults, asymmetric groundwater drawdown, and stress redistribution.
12. Alpine megafans, outsize fans, and lesser anomalous fans - a first comprehensive inventory for the European Alps
Core Problem: The European Alps lacked a range-wide inventory explaining anomalously large debris fans and their relationship to rock-slope failure and paraglacial adjustment.
Key Innovation: The study catalogs 286 anomalous fans, identifies clustered Alpine megafans, and interprets many cavity-debouchure-fan systems as event-dominated or hybrid rock-slope-failure deposits with landslide-dam interactions.
13. Characteristics and formation mechanism of ground fissures in Beihoutai Village, Xiong'an New Area, Hebei, China
Core Problem: Ground fissures in Xiong'an New Area threaten urban development, but their buried structural controls and groundwater-driven evolution are insufficiently resolved.
Key Innovation: Geological surveys, drilling, microtremor exploration, and seepage-stress simulation show that a buried normal fault localizes deformation while groundwater extraction intensifies the subsidence funnel and fissure propagation.
14. Characteristics, evolution pattern and disaster responses of ground fissures in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya
Core Problem: Great Rift Valley ground fissures threaten infrastructure and communities, but their distribution, recurrence, and tectonic versus erosional origins remain poorly constrained.
Key Innovation: Field mapping, remote sensing, drone surveys, geophysics, and trenching identify 83 fissures and distinguish hydraulic-erosion fissures from fault- and magma-chamber-related tectonic fissures.
15. Insights into Spatial Heterogeneity of Land Subsidence Susceptibility Using InSAR and Explainable Machine Learning
Core Problem: Regional land-subsidence management needs not only displacement maps but also spatially explicit attribution of the drivers controlling susceptibility.
Key Innovation: Sentinel-1 MT-InSAR, XGBoost, and SHAP quantify how deep groundwater level, elevation, and shallow groundwater interactions control subsidence susceptibility across the North China Plain.
16. A new automatic noise elimination method for rock collapse warning system
Core Problem: Rock-collapse warning systems frequently trigger false alarms because environmental vibration can mimic instability signals.
Key Innovation: The paper cross-validates vibration amplitude and gravity frequency to isolate rock-bridge stiffness degradation, reducing false alarms while preserving sensitivity in freeze-thaw laboratory and field tests.
17. Location for microseismic event clusters in deep tunnels based on coda wave interference
Core Problem: Tunnel rockburst warning depends on accurate microseismic locations, but sparse arrays and uncertain velocity models weaken conventional event-location methods.
Key Innovation: A coda-wave-interferometry workflow locates microseismic clusters through relative and absolute positioning, achieving metre-scale errors for blasting and rockburst events under sparse sensing.
18. Rock burst risk decision-making utilizing intuitionistic fuzzy Petri nets enhanced by graph attention mechanism
Core Problem: Rockburst early-warning information is often underused because warnings are not translated into specific, confidence-ranked control measures.
Key Innovation: A graph-attention-enhanced intuitionistic fuzzy Petri net links warning duration, advance distance, and warning level to likely influence factors and recommended interventions such as drilling, blasting, and hydrofracturing.
19. Cross-fault tunnel resilience under creep and seismic hazards: A CNN-driven probabilistic quantification framework
Core Problem: Cross-fault tunnel performance must account for both creep-slip rupture and earthquake loading, but full numerical assessment is too slow for probabilistic resilience analysis.
Key Innovation: A validated tunnel-fault numerical model trains a CNN surrogate, then combines fragility, economic loss, and recovery modes to quantify robustness and recoverability under coupled hazards.
20. Study on the particle migration and degradation in mud pumping under the coupling of rising water level and dynamic load
Core Problem: Mud pumping under rising water level and train loading is often treated as bulk liquefaction, obscuring the particle migration that controls roadbed degradation.
Key Innovation: Layered model tests with synchronous monitoring reveal bidirectional fine-particle migration, pore-pressure oscillation control, and a turbidity-liquefaction relation for real-time subgrade hazard perception.
21. Machine Learning and Morphometric Analysis for Evaluating the Vulnerability of Tundra Landscapes to Thermokarst Hazards in the Lena Delta: A Case Study of Arga Island
Core Problem: Arctic thermokarst vulnerability is increasingly urgent, but landscape-scale mapping must distinguish terrain states likely to degrade under continued permafrost thaw.
Key Innovation: Random forest classification and Topographic Position Index analysis in Google Earth Engine map tundra vulnerability classes and identify thaw-prone Lena Delta landscapes.
22. Rapid increase in thermokarst lakes and their driving factors in the Beiluhe Basin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Core Problem: Thermokarst lakes along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor are expanding rapidly, yet their spatiotemporal evolution and climate-hydrology drivers remain uncertain.
Key Innovation: Modified NDWI extraction in Google Earth Engine tracks 1990-2020 lake growth in the Beiluhe Basin and quantifies sensitivity to temperature, precipitation, groundwater storage anomaly, and vegetation change.
23. Critical Transitions at the Campi Flegrei Resurgent Caldera via Multiplatform and Multiparametric Data
Core Problem: Volcanic unrest systems can shift state through delayed interactions among deformation, gas, temperature, and seismicity, making single-signal interpretation unreliable.
Key Innovation: Multivariable fractional polynomial analysis and global critical point analysis with time lags identify critical transitions in Campi Flegrei multiparameter records.
24. Gravity Data-Driven Machine Learning: A Novel Approach for Predicting Volcanic Vent Locations in Geohazard Investigation
Core Problem: Concealed volcanic vents complicate hazard assessment because faulting, uplift, and subsidence can hide the structural controls on future vent locations.
Key Innovation: High-resolution gravity data and machine-learning classifiers, led by random forest, predict vent-prone areas with strong spatial agreement to known vents.
25. Local and Regional Tectonic Influence of Territory on Geohazard of Dam of Radioactive Waste Tailings (Ukraine)
Core Problem: Radioactive tailings dams can fail through hidden filtration, suffusion, and tectonically guided permeability pathways that are not visible at the surface.
Key Innovation: Natural-pulse electromagnetic surveys identify waterlogging, stress zones, filtration paths, and fracture azimuths tied to regional tectonic lineaments in a Ukrainian uranium tailings dam.
26. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Seepage and Seismic Dynamics Behavior of Zoned Earth Dams with Subsurface Cavities
Core Problem: Subsurface cavities beneath zoned earth dams can reorganize seepage and seismic deformation, but their geometry-dependent effects are hard to quantify.
Key Innovation: A 1:25 shake-table model paired with SEEP/W and QUAKE/W simulations shows how cavity position, size, and shape control pore pressure, settlement, and dynamic factor of safety.
27. Seismic Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dam via Finite Element Modelling
Core Problem: Concrete gravity dam safety assessments need validated nonlinear models that connect site-specific seismic demand to cracking and flood-consequence risk.
Key Innovation: The paper validates finite-element seismic cracking analysis against the Koyna Dam case and applies scaled Saguenay earthquake records to classify two Eastern Canadian dams.
28. Geodynamic Characterization of Hydraulic Structures in Seismically Active Almaty Using Lineament Analysis
Core Problem: Hydraulic structures in seismically active regions may appear locally stable while cumulative regional stress and filtration paths still drive failure risk.
Key Innovation: Lineament analysis, GPS velocities, InSAR deformation, and probabilistic seismic hazard maps are integrated into geodynamic zoning for dams and reservoirs near Almaty.
29. Detection of deformations and active faults related to the Al Haouz Mw 6.8 earthquake on September 8, 2023 (High Atlas, Morocco): an integrated approach combining radar interferometry and 3D seismic data modeling
Core Problem: The 2023 Al Haouz earthquake exposed uncertainty in active fault networks and post-seismic deformation within the High Atlas compressional belt.
Key Innovation: Radar interferometry and 3D seismic-data modeling identify uplift, subsidence, and delayed reactivation across multiple inherited fault networks rather than a single rupture plane.
30. Network Divergence Reveals Predictable Pathways of Extreme Rainfall in Central India
Core Problem: Flood-relevant extreme rainfall in Central India needs interpretable early-warning signals that do not depend entirely on expensive numerical weather models.
Key Innovation: Network divergence on directed networks of synchronized extremes predicts more than 60% of 95th-percentile events using east-coast precursor rainfall, low pressure, and moisture convergence.
31. A Transformer-Based Probabilistic Deep Learning Framework for Uncertainty-Aware Long-Range Flood Forecasting Using Satellite-Derived Mesoscale Inputs
Core Problem: Long-range flood forecasts need calibrated uncertainty because deterministic hydrological models accumulate errors across weekly to seasonal horizons.
Key Innovation: A probabilistic transformer and informer framework with satellite-derived mesoscale inputs maintains high prediction-interval reliability out to 180 days in two U.S. basins.
32. Leveraging reforecasts for flood estimation with long continuous simulation: a proof-of-concept study
Core Problem: Flood-frequency estimation is constrained by short observation records, especially for rare extremes that dominate infrastructure risk.
Key Innovation: Bias-corrected ECMWF reforecasts are downscaled, concatenated into nearly 10,000 years of forcing, and used in continuous hydrological simulation to derive complementary flood return levels.
33. Storm surge responses in Macau: Early warnings and soft adaptation
Core Problem: Coastal megacities need to know whether warning systems and soft adaptation can reduce storm-surge losses before major structural defenses are built.
Key Innovation: Macau's response to Hato, Mangkhut, and Ragasa is evaluated through typhoon-model timing, resident interviews, evacuation behavior, warning posts, water-level stations, floodgates, and mangrove measures.
34. Pioneering comparative study of fuzzy operators for urban flood susceptibility mapping in semi-arid regions: a case study from Koya, Iraq
Core Problem: Flood susceptibility mapping in semi-arid cities can be sensitive to the fuzzy operator chosen in AHP-based multi-criteria models.
Key Innovation: The study compares eight fuzzy operators in Koya, Iraq, validates against 32 flood events, and shows that Gamma, AND, and PRODUCT operators yield the strongest AUC performance.
35. Urban Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process: Case of City of Uvira, Democratic Republic of Congo
Core Problem: Rapidly growing lake- and river-adjacent cities need flood susceptibility maps where local terrain, drainage, rainfall, soils, and land use are jointly represented.
Key Innovation: A GIS-AHP model for Uvira, Democratic Republic of Congo, identifies proximity to water, drainage density, and slope as the dominant controls and maps 87.3% of the city as high to very high susceptibility.
36. Geomatic Techniques for the Mitigation of Hydrogeological Risk: The Modeling of Three Watercourses in Southern Italy
Core Problem: Short-response watercourses require hydraulic models detailed enough to support defense design and evacuation planning under exceptional rainfall.
Key Innovation: Aerial LiDAR, TLS, GNSS, and photogrammetry are fused into multi-resolution channel models for three Southern Italian watercourses and used as inputs for hydraulic flood calculations.
37. Wave climate pattern, storms and extremes for Northern Djerba Island (South-East Tunisia)
Core Problem: Low-lying Tunisian tourist coasts lack direct buoy observations needed for wave-storm and coastal flood-risk assessment.
Key Innovation: A nested SWAN hindcast validated by satellite altimetry reconstructs 2011-2020 wave climate and identifies the most exposed Djerba beach sectors and storm directions.
38. Shear creep characteristics and constitutive model of loess under dry-wet cycles
Core Problem: Long-term loess slope stability depends on creep degradation under repeated dry-wet cycling, which standard rheological models underfit during accelerated creep.
Key Innovation: Direct shear creep tests support a nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic model that captures dry-wet-cycle weakening and reproduces deformation in a typical loess slope simulation.
39. Fractional consistency two-surface viscoplastic modeling of unsaturated soils
Core Problem: Unsaturated reservoir slope soils and embankment fills show rate-dependent behavior that conventional constitutive models often simplify.
Key Innovation: A fractional-consistency two-surface viscoplastic model integrates Bishop stress, bonding, hydro-mechanical hardening, matric suction, and strain-rate effects, and is validated on landslide and compacted soils.
40. Effect of joint strength combinations on shear failure behavior
Core Problem: Rock slope stability is strongly controlled by discontinuities with different joint-wall materials, but their shear-induced damage evolution remains unclear.
Key Innovation: Direct shear tests with acoustic emission and DIC monitoring quantify how hard-hard, soft-soft, and hard-soft joints concentrate strain, shift fracture modes, and decouple failure volume from energy dissipation.
41. Early Detection of Spatiotemporal Stabilization in Open-Pit Mine Waste Dumps via Time-Series InSAR Coherence
Core Problem: Open-pit waste-dump stabilization is hard to detect early because optical greenness lags behind physical consolidation in arid mining areas.
Key Innovation: A time-series InSAR coherence framework and sliding-window detector identify the transition from active dumping disturbance to geotechnical stabilization before vegetation indices respond.
42. Investigating the Evolution of Active Deformation Areas (ADAs) in the Veneto-Friulian Plain Using Multi-Platform SAR Data
Core Problem: Long-lived coastal alluvial subsidence needs consistent deformation histories across changing SAR missions and urban development phases.
Key Innovation: ERS, Envisat, COSMO-SkyMed, Sentinel-1, and EGMS data are combined with ADAFinder and building-scale checks to reconstruct 30 years of Active Deformation Areas in the Veneto-Friulian Plain.
43. Assessing Ground Deformation Dynamics and Driving Mechanisms in Beijing Using Integrated Sentinel-1A and LuTan-1 InSAR Observations
Core Problem: Urban deformation maps must distinguish broad aquifer rebound from localized anthropogenic subsidence in rapidly engineered cities.
Key Innovation: Sentinel-1A and LuTan-1 SBAS-InSAR, harmonic decomposition, and effective-stress attribution separate groundwater-recovery uplift from construction-, landfill-, expressway-, and residential-zone subsidence in Beijing.
44. Under Construction Reclamation Airport Deformation Monitoring Using Sequential Multi-Polarization Time-Series InSAR
Core Problem: Reclaimed airport construction zones decorrelate strongly in conventional InSAR, limiting deformation monitoring during the period of highest engineering risk.
Key Innovation: A dual-polarization sequential InSAR approach with SETP-EMI phase optimization improves coherent-pixel recovery and deformation-field completeness at Dalian Jinzhou Bay International Airport.
45. Integrating Surface Deformation and Ecological Indicators for Mining Environment Assessment: A Novel MDECI Approach
Core Problem: Mining assessments often separate ground deformation from ecological response, missing the threshold where subsidence begins to dominate landscape damage.
Key Innovation: The Mining Deformation-Ecology Coupling Index fuses InSAR stability with multispectral indicators and identifies ecological turning points around deformation intensity in the Datong Coalfield.
46. Multi-source data and decision fusion for enhanced gully erosion susceptibility mapping using machine learning
Core Problem: Gully erosion susceptibility maps can be unstable when they rely on single data sources or individual machine-learning models.
Key Innovation: A dual fusion framework combines data-level linear-regression fusion with Dempster-Shafer decision fusion over RF and XGBoost, improving accuracy and stability for Golestan Province, Iran.
47. From climatic moderation to persistent hotspots: decadal insights into soil erosion risk from RUSLE–GIS modeling in the northwestern mountains of Pakistan
Core Problem: Decadal erosion-risk assessments in steep mountain terrain need to distinguish climatic moderation from persistent topographic hotspots.
Key Innovation: RUSLE-GIS modeling from 2013 to 2023 shows declining erosive forcing but persistent high-risk zones tied to steep LS factors and rural-urban land-use transitions in northwestern Pakistan.
48. Fiber-reinforcement for riverbank soils: mitigating hydraulic erosion and promoting plant growth with agricultural waste
Core Problem: Riverbank slopes require low-cost reinforcement that improves hydraulic erosion resistance without suppressing vegetation growth.
Key Innovation: Agricultural waste fibers, especially rice straw at 0.5%-0.7%, increase cohesion, more than double anti-erosion ability, and support plant growth for ecological bank protection.
49. Multiscale structural–hydraulic mechanism of loess collapse suppression by compaction
Core Problem: Collapsible loess remains difficult to stabilize because collapse depends on coupled particle contacts, pore structure, and seepage pathways.
Key Innovation: Oedometer tests, SEM, XRCT, and pore-network simulations show how compaction suppresses collapse by densifying contacts, reorienting pores, and disrupting vertical seepage channels.
50. Static strength estimation of frozen soils using DEM-verified and optimized tree-based algorithms
Core Problem: Freeze-thaw soil degradation threatens foundations, roads, and pipelines, but strength prediction must handle coupled thermal, hydraulic, and compaction controls.
Key Innovation: Tree-based machine-learning models optimized by metaheuristics and checked against DEM simulations estimate frozen-soil static strength with high accuracy across water, temperature, confining pressure, thawing, and compaction variables.
51. Monitoring surface deformation caused by fluvial-aeolian interaction and its contribution to aeolian process in a small watershed of the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Core Problem: Aeolian hazard management in semi-arid basins requires linking sediment supply areas, deformation, and downstream dune activity rather than treating dunes as isolated features.
Key Innovation: SBAS-InSAR and end-member grain-size analysis connect small-watershed subsidence, floodplain uplift, sediment export, and dune-field sand supply in the Gonghe Basin.
52. Lake Water Depletion Linkages with Seismic Hazards in Sikkim, India: A Case Study on Chochen Lake
Core Problem: Mountain-lake depletion can signal interacting hydrological and seismic hazards, but the linkage is often documented only after visible lake-level change.
Key Innovation: The case study uses geospatial evidence around Chochen Lake in Sikkim to relate water depletion, terrain setting, and seismic-hazard context for mountain risk screening.
53. Comparative Analysis of Asphalt Core and Clay Core Earthfill Dam Under Varied Earthquake Loading Conditions
Core Problem: Earthfill dams with different core materials can respond differently to earthquake loading, complicating general design assumptions for seismic safety.
Key Innovation: Comparative numerical assessment of asphalt-core and clay-core earthfill dams under varied earthquake loading clarifies how core type influences deformation and stability.
54. Holocene Paleoflood Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Events in the Poompuhar Reach, Lower Cauvery River
Core Problem: Long flood records are too short to characterize rare river extremes in many tropical basins.
Key Innovation: Holocene stratigraphy and sedimentary-event interpretation in the lower Cauvery River extend flood evidence beyond instrumental records and support long-term flood-hazard context.
55. Seismic Hazard Implications of the 2025 Balıkesir Earthquake of Mw 6.1 for Western Türkiye
Core Problem: Moderate earthquakes in active regions can expose local seismic-hazard implications that are missed by regional catalogs alone.
Key Innovation: The paper interprets the 2025 Balikesir Mw 6.1 earthquake in western Turkiye to clarify fault activity, shaking distribution, and implications for local hazard planning.
56. Basement-Controlled Urban Fracturing: Evidence from Las Pilas, Zacatecas, Mexico
Core Problem: Urban fractures can be dismissed as superficial pavement damage even when they reflect deeper basement or stress controls.
Key Innovation: The study uses field and geospatial evidence from Zacatecas to connect urban fracture orientation and distribution with basement-controlled deformation.
57. Unraveling the dry-wet induced infiltration characteristics and failure mechanisms of rammed earth
Core Problem: Dry-wet cycling can convert earthen heritage structures into landslide-like collapse hazards, but the pore-scale deterioration pathway is poorly quantified.
Key Innovation: CT imaging and immersion testing show how repeated cycling builds heterogeneous porosity, stagnant-water layers, and cracking pathways in rammed earth.
58. Spatiotemporal evolution of near-field deformation in analogue strike-slip fault models with various locked segment lengths
Core Problem: Locked fault segments control near-field deformation and rupture nucleation, yet their length-dependent effects are difficult to observe directly.
Key Innovation: Analogue strike-slip fault models quantify deformation fields, slip rates, and stress-deflection behavior as locked-segment length changes.
59. Comprehensive Evaluation of Sliding and Overturning Failure in Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Retaining Walls Considering the Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure
Core Problem: Mechanically stabilized earth walls can fail rapidly when hydrostatic pressure interacts with fine-grained backfill and external loading.
Key Innovation: PLAXIS and SLOPE/W simulations reproduce sliding and overturning failure modes and quantify how hydrostatic pressure reduces wall factor of safety.
60. Seismic performance assessments of ACCWDs considering the multidimensional dependent random parameters of near-fault pulse-like ground motions
Core Problem: Near-fault pulse-like motions have correlated parameters that can strongly alter seismic demand on high asphalt-concrete-core wall dams.
Key Innovation: A vine-copula stochastic ground-motion framework preserves multidimensional parameter dependence and shows how conventional independent synthesis can misestimate dam damage risk.
61. Micro-macro mechanical properties of fully weathered mudstone improved by steel slag
Core Problem: Fully weathered mudstone has weak mechanical behavior that can drive roadbed subsidence and slope instability.
Key Innovation: Steel-slag improvement is evaluated from micro- to macro-scale mechanical properties, giving an engineering route for stabilizing weathered mudstone materials.
62. Integrated application of magnetic, ERT, TDEM, and 3D sonar methods to detect water-filled goaf in an open-pit iron mine: A case study from Dumu, China
Core Problem: Water-filled goafs beneath or near open-pit mines are difficult to delineate and can create sudden engineering and slope-safety hazards.
Key Innovation: Magnetic, ERT, TDEM, and 3D sonar surveys are integrated to detect goaf geometry and water conditions in an open-pit iron mine.
63. Failure pattern of ring-shaped leakage-induced ground collapse under varying pipeline fracture spacings in red clay areas: Insights from semiphysical modeling
Core Problem: Pipeline leakage can trigger ground collapse in red clay, but collapse patterns depend on fracture spacing and seepage-induced soil loss.
Key Innovation: Semi-model experiments resolve ring-shaped collapse evolution under different leakage spacings, linking fracture geometry to failure pattern.
64. Prototype citizen and community science app for urban heavy rainfall risk management in the Ahr Valley, Germany
Core Problem: Urban rainfall risk management needs local observations and community reporting to complement formal hydrometeorological networks.
Key Innovation: A prototype citizen-science app for the Ahr Valley tests how community observations can feed heavy-rainfall risk awareness and local warning workflows.
65. Scaling laws of granular column collapse over varying base roughness: Insights from continuum modeling with Navier slip boundary condition
Core Problem: Granular runout prediction remains sensitive to how base roughness and boundary slip are represented in continuum models.
Key Innovation: Continuum simulations with Navier slip boundary conditions derive scaling laws for granular column collapse across varying base roughness.
66. Extreme earthquake loss assessment using spliced marginal distributions and SJC Copula based joint modeling
Core Problem: Earthquake loss estimation must represent dependence among extreme marginal losses rather than assuming simple independent distributions.
Key Innovation: Spliced marginal distributions and SJC copula joint modeling are combined to improve extreme earthquake loss assessment.
67. Amplified ground shaking from subterranean gas expansion: a new geohazard in the 2024 Noto earthquake
Core Problem: Delayed post-earthquake hazards can arise from subsurface gas processes that are not captured by standard shaking or fault-rupture models.
Key Innovation: Analysis of the 2024 Noto earthquake links amplified aftershock shaking, gas-bubble growth, upward migration, and near-surface failure in a delayed seismic gas-expansion mechanism.
68. Hydraulic Capacity of the Segura River Channel (SE Spain) in Urban Areas: 2D Hydraulic Modeling in HEC-RAS and Comparison of Results with the September 2019 Flood Event in the Lower Segura Basin
Core Problem: Urban river channels may have effective flood capacities below official estimates, increasing overflow risk during extreme events.
Key Innovation: A 2D HEC-RAS methodology with stepped hydrographs identifies overflow thresholds and vulnerable channel sections along the Segura River.
69. Transparent Seismic Design Spectra for the Urban Development Plan of Mexicali, B.C
Core Problem: Urban development plans in high-seismic-hazard regions need transparent, spatially explicit design spectra tied to local sources and site conditions.
Key Innovation: OpenQuake hazard modeling, regional faults, ground-motion models, and Vs30 characterization generate gridded design spectra for Mexicali.
70. DALi-CGAN: domain adaptive LiDAR-based conditional generative adversarial network for earthquake damage assessment
Core Problem: Rapid earthquake response needs building-damage assessment models that generalize across domains where labeled LiDAR data are limited.
Key Innovation: A domain-adaptive LiDAR conditional GAN transfers damage-assessment capability across earthquake settings for faster post-event mapping.
71. Hypoplastic modelling of sandy silt tailings behaviour under general loading conditions
Core Problem: Tailings slope analyses often use constitutive models calibrated under simple axisymmetric paths that may not transfer to general loading.
Key Innovation: Hypoplastic modeling of sandy silt tailings is validated across triaxial, torsional, simple-shear, and plane-strain-relevant loading paths.
72. Intelligent identification method for hard structural planes in surrounding rocks of deep tunnels
Core Problem: Deep-tunnel hazard assessment requires rapid recognition of hard structural planes under uneven illumination and discontinuous exposures.
Key Innovation: An adaptive illumination correction and YOLOv8-based joint-completion workflow improves non-contact identification of hard structural planes on tunnel faces.
73. Estimating aquifer separations and storage coefficients via sequential pumping tests and geodetic measurements in the Choushui River Alluvial Fan, Taiwan
Core Problem: Land-subsidence sites need aquifer parameters at the scale where pumping, storage, and vertical deformation interact.
Key Innovation: Sequential pumping tests, multi-depth monitoring wells, leveling, and gravity observations estimate aquifer separation and storage coefficients in Taiwan's Choushui River Alluvial Fan.
74. Seismic risk study based on 3D active fault model of the Ningxia area, northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau
Core Problem: Seismic risk in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is constrained by uncertain 3D fault geometry and debated historical rupture sources.
Key Innovation: A multidisciplinary 3D active-fault model of Ningxia clarifies the 1739 Pingluo earthquake structure and identifies high-slip-tendency fault segments.
75. Stability and ground pressure behavior of key layers during shallow close-distance coal seam mining through coal pillars
Core Problem: Shallow close-distance coal seams under overlying pillars can generate roof instability, subsidence, and dynamic ground pressure during pillar crossing.
Key Innovation: Theory, physical similarity modeling, numerical simulation, fiber Bragg grating monitoring, and field data resolve key-layer rotation and instability stages.
76. Seven Thousand Felt Earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas Can Be Confidently Traced Back to Oil and Gas Activities
Core Problem: Felt earthquakes in oil and gas regions need source attribution to distinguish natural seismicity from anthropogenic injection-linked activity.
Key Innovation: A regional event analysis traces thousands of Oklahoma and Kansas felt earthquakes to oil and gas activities, sharpening induced-seismicity hazard interpretation.
77. Increased Preparedness During the 2025 Santorini–Amorgos (Greece) Earthquake Swarm and Comparative Insights from Recent Cases for Civil Protection and Disaster Risk Reduction
Core Problem: Earthquake-swarm crises test whether preparedness actions can be communicated before a damaging event occurs.
Key Innovation: The Santorini-Amorgos swarm case compares preparedness measures, public communication, and response structures during a 2025 seismic unrest episode.
78. Study on emergency evacuation behavior in heritage tourism destinations based on agent-based modeling: the case of Gulangyu, China
Core Problem: Heritage tourism areas combine fragile buildings, dense visitors, and constrained street networks, making earthquake evacuation behavior difficult to plan.
Key Innovation: Agent-based simulations using building vulnerability, field evacuation behavior, road damage, hesitation, and signage scenarios quantify evacuation efficiency for Gulangyu.
79. Integrating Empirical and Participatory Approaches for Soil Erosion Assessment: A Comparative Study of USLE and AHP in Upland Central Vietnam
Core Problem: Soil-erosion assessment in upland terrain can diverge when empirical models and stakeholder-weighted multicriteria methods encode risk differently.
Key Innovation: USLE and AHP maps are compared in central Vietnam to expose how model choice changes severe-erosion classification and conservation targeting.
80. Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Reconstruct Alpine Spring Supply: A Case Study from the Montellina Spring (Quincinetto, NW Alps, Italy)
Core Problem: Mountain spring systems in DSGSD terrain are difficult to conceptualize, limiting water-resource protection and geohazard interpretation.
Key Innovation: Electrical resistivity tomography, geological mapping, and hydrogeological surveys reconstruct the buried glacial-valley circuit feeding an Alpine spring.