TerraMosaic Daily Digest: April 26, 2026
Daily Summary
The April 26 set places landslide science inside a wider problem of observable state change. Reservoir-bank landslides are treated as an InSAR baseline-design problem under vegetation decorrelation, while bi-temporal adversarial learning targets the harder question of whether landslide extraction can transfer across sensors, seasons, and regions. Mining hazards, induced seismic rupture, slab dehydration, coal-gas outbursts, and tunnel-fault interactions extend the same logic underground: the critical signal is not the hazard label itself, but the deformation, coherence, stress, pressure, or material transition that precedes failure.
Hydrological and infrastructure papers are similarly state-based. River forecasts are pushed from gauges to satellite virtual stations; spring floods are classified by runoff source; salinity intrusion, drought synchronization, rime ice, and sea-level-driven catchment capture are cast as changing boundary conditions. The stronger AI papers are not generic accuracy exercises: they add multimodal disaster queries, benchmarked surface-wave inversion, physically constrained runoff projection, InSAR unwrapping, foundation-scale change detection, and PINN stress integration. Together, the selected papers show a field moving toward transferable monitoring systems whose value depends on process constraints and uncertainty, not only model complexity.
Key Trends
Across the day, the strongest methods convert hazards into changing state variables: coherence, deformation rate, runoff source, salinity uncertainty, pore-water migration, crack-field geometry, tunnel confinement, and recovery dependency.
- Landslide monitoring is becoming transfer-aware: Reservoir-bank SBAS-InSAR, bi-temporal cGAN extraction, and mining geohazard monitoring focus on vegetation decorrelation, sensor transfer, and multiple hazard mechanisms rather than static mapping alone.
- Hydrological risk is being framed through moving boundaries: Virtual-station river forecasts, rating curves, spring-flood mechanisms, salinity intrusion, drought synchronization, salt-marsh vulnerability, and catchment capture all track changing water pathways.
- Subsurface studies are isolating pre-failure state changes: Induced microearthquake asperities, slab dehydration, coal outburst signals, borehole pressure relief, tunnel fault sliding, grout creep, and freeze-thaw rock damage all identify transitions before collapse.
- AI value is tied to constraints and transfer: ChangeQuery, OpenSWI, phase unwrapping, semantic segmentation, change detection, glacier mapping, topographic radiation correction, and PINN stress integration emphasize generalization with physical or benchmark structure.
- Infrastructure papers connect loads to recovery: Metro flooding, rime ice, steel-trestle ice impact, railway settlement, tunnel fatigue, shield-joint shear, and seismic retaining-wall or rock-tunnel response translate hazard forcing into serviceability and restoration.
Selected Papers
This digest features 66 selected papers from 1,625 papers analyzed. The sequence opens with reservoir-bank landslide InSAR and transferable landslide extraction, then moves through mining geohazard monitoring, multimodal disaster change queries, geophysical inversion benchmarks, induced and subduction-zone seismic mechanisms, metro flood recovery, cold-region hydrology, freeze-thaw degradation, tunnel boundary-condition failures, and constrained AI methods for geohazard observation.
1. Early identification of reservoir-bank landslides in deeply incised mountain canyon areas with interferometric baseline optimization
Core Problem: Reservoir-bank landslides in deeply incised mountain canyons are difficult to identify early because seasonal vegetation decorrelation weakens SBAS-InSAR coherence.
Key Innovation: A vegetation-adaptive WCTM links vegetation dynamics to interferometric baseline optimization and combines ERA5-based atmospheric correction with SBAS-InSAR to improve early deformation detection.
2. A spatially and temporally transferrable bi-temporal conditional generative adversarial network for landslide extraction
Core Problem: Remote-sensing landslide extraction often fails when transferred across regions, times, and sensors because spectral confusion and class imbalance dominate training.
Key Innovation: BTLE-cGAN uses bi-temporal conditional adversarial learning with spectral-spatial, non-local, and landslide-adaptive modules to improve spatial and temporal transferability.
3. Research Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives of Geological Hazard Monitoring Methods in Mining Areas
Core Problem: Mining areas face linked subsidence, ground fissures, landslides, collapses, and sinkholes, yet monitoring choices are often disconnected from hazard mechanisms.
Key Innovation: The review organizes ground, aerial, spaceborne, multi-source, and emerging sensing methods by the formation mechanisms and monitoring requirements of major mining geohazards.
4. ChangeQuery: Advancing Remote Sensing Change Analysis for Natural and Human-Induced Disasters from Visual Detection to Semantic Understanding
Core Problem: Post-disaster remote sensing is moving beyond pixel change detection, but many systems still lack multimodal, interactive, and semantically grounded reasoning.
Key Innovation: ChangeQuery pairs pre-event optical semantics with post-event SAR structural features in a disaster query benchmark and framework for actionable all-weather change analysis.
5. OpenSWI: a massive-scale benchmark dataset for surface wave dispersion curve inversion
Core Problem: Data-driven surface-wave inversion is constrained by local minima, initial-model sensitivity, and the lack of large benchmark datasets.
Key Innovation: OpenSWI provides a massive synthetic benchmark for shallow and deep surface-wave dispersion inversion, enabling systematic evaluation of deep-learning geophysical inversion methods.
6. Asperity‐Driven Cascading Rupture of a Mw 1.6 Induced Microearthquake
Core Problem: Small induced earthquakes are often treated as point sources even though cascading asperity failure can control rupture directivity and stress transfer.
Key Innovation: Dense-network EGF imaging and dynamic rupture simulation resolve two subevents in a Mw 1.6 induced microearthquake and identify asperity-driven cascading rupture.
7. Slab Dehydration Observed Down to Lower Seismicity Plane Depths in the Northern Chile Subduction Zone
Core Problem: The depth and role of slab dehydration in generating lower-plane subduction earthquakes remain difficult to observe directly.
Key Innovation: High-resolution local earthquake tomography in northern Chile images Vp/Vs transitions consistent with dehydration reactions extending to lower seismicity-plane depths.
8. Coordinated cross-system recovery framework for large-scale metro stations under extreme flooding
Core Problem: Flooded metro stations require recovery planning that accounts for hydrodynamic damage and cascading dependencies among power, communication, and pedestrian systems.
Key Innovation: A coordinated recovery framework combines physics-based flood damage, hierarchical dependency modelling, and multi-objective restoration assessment for large-scale metro stations.
9. A Multi-Baseline Phase Unwrapping Algorithm Based on Integrated Processing of Intercept Pre-Filtering and Ambiguity Number Vector Determination
Core Problem: Multi-baseline InSAR phase unwrapping can fail under high noise, cluster loss, and time-consuming ambiguity searches.
Key Innovation: Intercept pre-filtering and ambiguity-number vector determination are integrated to improve multi-baseline phase unwrapping robustness and efficiency.
10. A multi-scale 3D geological modeling method for mountain tunnels: Integrating geological genesis constraints with multi-source data
Core Problem: Mountain tunnel design must infer heterogeneous geology from sparse, multi-scale data while preserving geological genesis rather than relying on interpolation alone.
Key Innovation: A multi-scale 3D geological modelling method combines genesis constraints, zonal interpolation, multi-source fusion, and scale-aware reconstruction for tunnel corridors.
11. Acoustic-thermal response characteristics and failure mode analysis of gas-bearing coal under different gas pressures
Core Problem: Coal and gas outburst monitoring needs precursor signals that distinguish rupture from gas-pressure-driven thermal and acoustic effects.
Key Innovation: A coal-rock gas-solid coupling catastrophe test system links acoustic emission, infrared response, gas pressure, and failure mode evolution for outburst warning.
12. Optimal slotting angle for directional pressure-relief boreholes in coal: A Fourier-based deformation analysis
Core Problem: Directional pressure-relief boreholes must redistribute stress while preserving gas extraction efficiency, but slotting geometry remains poorly optimized.
Key Innovation: DIC, fractal crack analysis, and Fourier descriptors identify slotting angles that control crack-field evolution and pressure-relief plastic zones.
13. Forecasting River Water Levels at Virtual Stations of Altimetry Satellites
Core Problem: Flood forecasting is usually restricted to gauges, leaving altimetry-only river sections without operational water-level predictions.
Key Innovation: A 72 h forecasting system transfers gauge forecasts to satellite virtual stations through real-time regressions and along-river lag estimates.
14. Rating Curve Modeling Using Machine Learning: A Case Study in the Largest Gauging Stations in the Amazon River
Core Problem: Amazon discharge estimation depends on rating curves that may underperform where stage-discharge relations shift across long records.
Key Innovation: Traditional curves and machine-learning models are compared at the Amazon's largest gauging stations to improve discharge estimates for flood forecasting and drought monitoring.
15. Bridging training–projection gaps in purely data-driven deep learning for runoff under climate change
Core Problem: Purely data-driven runoff models can produce physically implausible projections when climate forcing shifts beyond the training regime.
Key Innovation: A physics-informed LSTM embeds dynamic water balance and evapotranspiration modules, eliminating many anomalous runoff responses under warming scenarios.
16. Conceptualizing a spring flood classification for cold regions based on water available for runoff mechanisms
Core Problem: Spring snowmelt floods are changing under warming, but risk assessment needs to distinguish rainfall, melt, and rain-on-snow mechanisms.
Key Innovation: A water-available-for-runoff triangle classifies spring flood types in the Songhua River Basin and projects mechanism-specific future changes.
17. Future rime ice conditions for energy infrastructure over Fennoscandia resolved with a high-resolution regional climate model
Core Problem: Atmospheric icing can collapse power infrastructure, yet future rime-ice conditions remain uncertain at infrastructure-relevant scales.
Key Innovation: A high-resolution regional climate model drives ISO-based ice accretion simulations for mid- and late-century Fennoscandian energy infrastructure risk.
18. Escalating Compound Drought‐Heatwaves and Demographic Shifts Threaten Simultaneous Global Breadbasket Failures
Core Problem: Simultaneous compound drought-heatwave stress across global breadbaskets can create food-system risk that is missed by single-region climate analyses.
Key Innovation: CMIP6 projections quantify rising frequency, duration, and synchronized exposure of high-stress breadbasket events under demographic change.
19. The deadliest sudden weather-related events in the Czech Lands, 1851–2025 CE
Core Problem: Long-term fatality records are needed to place recent sudden weather disasters in historical and meteorological context.
Key Innovation: A 1851-2025 Czech Lands catalogue reconstructs the deadliest sudden weather-related events and their flood, storm, snow, fog, and thunderstorm conditions.
20. Ecosystem-based drought disaster risk reduction capacity: zoning optimization and improvement factors for urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin
Core Problem: Ecosystem-based disaster-risk reduction is less developed for drought than for other hazards, especially at urban-agglomeration scale.
Key Innovation: Eco-DDRR zoning combines InVEST, wind erosion, drought hazard-exposure-vulnerability modelling, SOM clustering, and AHP-PCA-TOPSIS intervention ranking.
21. Effects of the Three Gorges Dam Operation on the hydrological interaction between the Yangtze River and downstream aquifers
Core Problem: Large dam operations can reorganize downstream river-groundwater exchange, affecting wetland plains and water-resource hazards.
Key Innovation: Monitoring wells and SWAT-MODFLOW counterfactual simulations quantify how Three Gorges Dam operation altered Yangtze-groundwater interactions in the Four-Lake Basin.
22. Runoff Capture by Sea Level Rise Alters the Area, Geometry, and Quantity of Coastal Catchments
Core Problem: Sea-level rise changes not only inundated area but also coastal catchment geometry and runoff pathways to the ocean.
Key Innovation: Global terrain and hydrographic modelling shows shoreline runoff capture, new coastal catchment formation, and direct ocean discharge under sea-level-rise scenarios.
23. Spatial Heterogeneity of Salt Marsh Vulnerability to Sea‐Level Rise: Dual Controls of Hydrological Setting and Salinity Regime
Core Problem: Salt-marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise is often inferred from point accretion data, missing hydrological setting and salinity controls.
Key Innovation: Geospatial and hydrodynamic analysis relates unvegetated-to-vegetated marsh ratios to elevation, hydrological regions, and salinity regimes in a large estuary.
24. Probabilistic multi-step forecasting of estuarine salinity intrusion for ecohydrological risk assessment
Core Problem: Saltwater intrusion forecasts need longer horizons and uncertainty estimates to support adaptive ecohydrological risk management.
Key Innovation: A TCN, multi-head self-attention, DeepAR, and Gaussian-process hybrid delivers probabilistic multi-step salinity intrusion forecasts.
25. Unraveling the mystery of U-shaped valleys and asymmetric drainage in the Songnen Basin: A case study of tectonic-glacial superimposition
Core Problem: Large U-shaped valleys in low-relief terrain challenge conventional glacial erosion models and may reflect active structural control.
Key Innovation: Geomorphology, AMT, boreholes, and chronology show tectonic-glacial superimposition, where piedmont glaciers exploited deep fault zones in the Songnen Basin.
26. Eco-geomorphic interactions and planform adjustments of the transboundary Rapti River (2004–2024): Insights from remote sensing and google earth engine analysis
Core Problem: Monsoon-fed transboundary rivers evolve through coupled channel persistence, vegetation change, and human modification.
Key Innovation: Landsat and Google Earth Engine analyses track 2004-2024 wetted-channel persistence and riparian vegetation dynamics along the Rapti River.
27. The influence of riparian zone grazing on channel stability in an arroyo
Core Problem: Grazing effects on arroyo incision and channel instability remain scale dependent and difficult to quantify.
Key Innovation: A before-after analysis of meander cutoff rates shows an order-of-magnitude decline in channel instability after grazing-practice changes in Muddy Creek.
28. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and metal elements in the active layer and permafrost of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Core Problem: Active-layer soils on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau store carbon, nitrogen, and metals that may be remobilized as permafrost warms.
Key Innovation: Field measurements characterize soil carbon, nitrogen, and metal elements across active-layer and permafrost profiles.
29. Water and salt transport behavior and deformation mechanism of carbonate saline soil under freeze-thaw cycles
Core Problem: Freeze-thaw deformation in saline soils is controlled by coupled heat, water, salt, and mechanical migration processes.
Key Innovation: Uniaxial freeze-thaw tests and a thermal-hydro-salt-mechanical model resolve frost heave, thaw settlement, and salt-water redistribution in carbonate saline soil.
30. A review of the strength deterioration mechanism of soil-rock mixtures in cold regions
Core Problem: Strength deterioration of soil-rock mixtures under freeze-thaw cycles is often described separately at micro and macro scales.
Key Innovation: The review integrates water migration, pore evolution, and mechanical response to explain cold-region soil-rock mixture degradation.
31. Study on synergistic damage amplification mechanism and ductile–brittle transition in water-bearing freeze–thaw sandstone
Core Problem: Water-bearing freeze-thaw sandstone can shift toward brittle failure under dynamic loading, creating sudden cold-region engineering hazards.
Key Innovation: SHPB tests quantify energy evolution, fragmentation, and a ductile-brittle transition model under coupled saturation and freeze-thaw damage.
32. Experimental investigation on the squeeze deformation and failure mechanisms of tunnel invert in high ground stress stratified soft rock and directional reinforcement measures
Core Problem: Tunnel inverts in high-stress stratified soft rock are vulnerable to rheological extrusion, bedding-plane weakness, cracking, and floor heave.
Key Innovation: Similarity model tests compare bedding angles and directional reinforcement piles to reveal invert failure mechanisms and deformation-control routes.
33. Stress response and sliding effect of the fractured zone of gently inclined faults induced by blasting disturbance in deeply buried tunnels
Core Problem: Deep tunnel blasting across gently inclined fault zones can activate sliding and damage under combined static and dynamic stresses.
Key Innovation: Field blasting tests and calibrated 3D numerical modelling quantify stress response and sliding effects in fractured fault zones.
34. A unified 3D modeling framework for time-dependent behavior of two-component grouts in shield tunnelling: Insights into hardening, consolidation, and creep effects on ground response
Core Problem: Mechanized tunnelling settlement is strongly affected by time-dependent grout hardening, consolidation, and creep near the shield tail.
Key Innovation: A 3D FLAC3D framework updates grout properties through time and models consolidation and creep volume loss during shield tunnelling.
35. A high-fidelity reliability-driven framework for soil conditioning in coarse-grained strata: from mechanism to field application
Core Problem: Soil conditioning in coarse-grained EPB tunnelling is limited by subjective segregation assessment and geological uncertainty.
Key Innovation: Dual-grid CFD-DEM, objective segregation indices, and polynomial-chaos reliability analysis produce field-validated conditioning choices.
36. A PINN-driven stress integration paradigm for high-fidelity soil constitutive model considering cyclic response
Core Problem: High-fidelity cyclic soil constitutive models are expensive and can suffer stress-integration convergence problems.
Key Innovation: A PINN-driven stress-integration paradigm replaces return mapping while preserving the structure of validated cyclic soil models.
37. Active learning Kriging with spherical low-discrepancy sampling and gradient refinement for efficient reliability analysis of geotechnical systems
Core Problem: Geotechnical reliability analysis becomes costly when high-dimensional limit-state functions require many simulations.
Key Innovation: AK-SLDS combines spherical low-discrepancy sampling and gradient-refined active-learning Kriging to explore failure domains more efficiently.
38. Evaluating geostatic stress history from CPT data: A hybrid data-driven framework integrating unsupervised and supervised learning
Core Problem: CPT-based overconsolidation estimates can be biased when geological stress histories vary across depositional and tectonic settings.
Key Innovation: UMAP and Gaussian-mixture clustering identify geological state domains that feed a random-forest OCR predictor with reduced systematic bias.
39. PFEB: A Post-Fusion Enhanced Decoder Module for Remote Sensing Semantic Segmentation
Core Problem: Remote-sensing segmentation requires better fusion of multi-scale information for operational environmental and disaster applications.
Key Innovation: PFEB introduces a post-fusion enhanced decoder that improves semantic segmentation after multi-level feature fusion.
40. ATCFNet: A Lightweight Cross-Level Attention-Guided High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Network
Core Problem: High-resolution remote-sensing change detection needs lightweight models that preserve boundary detail and cross-level context.
Key Innovation: ATCFNet uses cross-level attention guidance for efficient high-resolution image change detection.
41. Estimating downward shortwave radiation incorporating topographic effects using a hybrid physical and data-driven method: Algorithm development and long-term global product generation
Core Problem: Global shortwave-radiation products contain large slope-dependent errors over mountainous terrain.
Key Innovation: A hybrid physical and data-driven correction generates a 2003-2024 global DSR product that accounts for topographic effects at 0.05 degrees.
42. Human footprint on estuarine tidal hydrodynamics
Core Problem: Human alteration of estuarine geometry can amplify tidal range and propagation, changing flood and ecosystem risk along tidal rivers.
Key Innovation: Archival maps, hydrographic surveys, tide gauges, and modern records from 25 estuaries quantify two centuries of human-driven tidal hydrodynamic change.
43. G-LEAU-Net: Attention-enhanced deep learning for accurate glacier mapping from satellite data
Core Problem: Glacier inventories need accurate segmentation in complex mountain scenes where snow, debris, and shadow create confusion.
Key Innovation: G-LEAU-Net applies attention-enhanced deep learning for glacier mapping from satellite data.
44. Identifying Hydrological Drivers of Surface Water Extent in Endorheic and Exorheic Basins over the Mu Us Sandy Land
Core Problem: Dryland surface-water extent responds differently in endorheic and exorheic basins, complicating drought and water-balance interpretation.
Key Innovation: Multi-source remote sensing, Google Earth Engine extraction, and machine-learning attribution identify hydrological drivers of surface-water extent in Mu Us Sandy Land.
45. Hybrid approach for estimating snow water equivalent in Siberian basins using GRACE and climate data
Core Problem: Siberian basin snow water equivalent is difficult to estimate because ground data are sparse and satellite/model uncertainties remain large.
Key Innovation: A hybrid GRACE-precipitation SWE model isolates snow signals from total water storage and combines them with climate data.
46. High synchronized drought risk in a multi-source water transfer project: a copula-EEMD assessment for the eastern route of the south-to-north water diversion project
Core Problem: Inter-basin water-transfer security depends on whether source regions experience synchronized drought rather than isolated deficits.
Key Innovation: Copula-EEMD analysis evaluates wet-dry encounter patterns along the eastern South-to-North Water Diversion route.
47. Hybrid model outperformed individual models in predicting droughts in a semi-arid region of Bangladesh
Core Problem: Semi-arid drought planning requires time-series models that can provide reliable SPI forecasts across vulnerable stations.
Key Innovation: A hybrid ARMA-GARCH model is compared with ARMA and PROPHET for drought prediction in northwestern Bangladesh.
48. Parametric analysis and predictive modelling of ice impact responses in cold-region steel trestles via numerical and theoretical investigations
Core Problem: Temporary steel trestles in cold-region rivers can experience severe lateral displacement or collapse during ice-jam flood impacts.
Key Innovation: Finite-element modelling and a deep neural network predict ice impact force and trestle displacement from ice and structural parameters.
49. Dynamic characteristics of loess-like silty clay and methods for predicting wave velocity
Core Problem: Loess-like silty clay in Yellow River Basin projects has variable dynamic properties that increase seismic subsidence uncertainty.
Key Innovation: Resonance-column, cyclic-triaxial, bender-element, and in situ measurements refine stiffness, damping, and wave-velocity prediction for loess-like soils.
50. A coupled macro–micro prediction model for desiccation shrinkage deformation of freeze–thawed expansive soils incorporating the pore size-volume dual microstructure parameters
Core Problem: Freeze-thaw cycles alter pore structure and shrinkage cracking in expansive soils, affecting infrastructure deformation.
Key Innovation: A macro-micro prediction model links pore size-volume parameters to desiccation shrinkage after freeze-thaw cycling.
51. Correlation of shale mineralogy and fluids on microfracture abundance based on core observations and triaxial tests
Core Problem: Microfracture abundance in shale depends on mineralogy, fluids, and mechanical state, influencing storage and geotechnical response.
Key Innovation: Core, triaxial, AFM, XRD, acoustic emission, micro-CT, and permeability tests identify carbonate minerals, pore fluids, and hydrocarbon generation as major controls.
52. A refined model for rock damage during cyclic heating and cooling by coupling acoustic emission with P-wave analysis
Core Problem: Thermal storage and geothermal systems require damage indicators that work during individual heating-cooling cycles, not only after cycling ends.
Key Innovation: Real-time acoustic emission and P-wave monitoring support a refined granite damage model under cyclic thermal loading.
53. Evaluating the Impact of Elevated Temperatures on Engineering Properties of Sedimentary Rocks: Insights and Current Trends
Core Problem: Elevated temperature can degrade sedimentary rocks in fires, geothermal settings, and underground engineering, but evidence is scattered across studies.
Key Innovation: A systematic review of 107 studies identifies temperature thresholds, test methods, mineral controls, and gaps in confined and real-fire testing.
54. Experimental investigation and microscopic-element modeling of shear behavior in the initial non-contact state of jointed rock
Core Problem: The compaction stage of jointed-rock shear is poorly captured by existing constitutive models.
Key Innovation: A Weibull microscopic-element damage model represents initial non-contact compaction and shear evolution for diabase joints with different morphologies.
55. ECA-enhanced YOLO integrated with SAHI for multi-defect inspection of tunnel linings
Core Problem: Manual tunnel inspection struggles with large image volumes and fine-scale defects in field tunnel linings.
Key Innovation: An ECA-enhanced YOLOv11 and SAHI workflow segments cracks, leakage, damage, and structural components in UAV tunnel imagery.
56. Influence of inclination angle on the failure mechanisms and shear capacity of concave-convex tenon connections in shield tunnel joints
Core Problem: Large-section shield tunnels rely on concave-convex tenon joints whose shear response changes with inclination angle.
Key Innovation: Full-scale compressive-shear tests, acoustic emission, and refined numerical modelling quantify failure mechanisms and shear capacity.
57. An accelerated XFEM framework for fatigue crack propagation analysis of shield tunnel linings subjected to cyclic train loads
Core Problem: Shield tunnel linings accumulate fatigue damage under cyclic train loads, but full high-cycle crack propagation simulation is costly.
Key Innovation: An accelerated CDM-XFEM framework with fatigue memory variables and cyclic jumps models 3D fracture development and fatigue life.
58. Bearing capacity of composite tunnel lining in soft rocks: Large-scale model test
Core Problem: Composite tunnel lining bearing capacity in soft rock is hard to observe at realistic scale.
Key Innovation: Large-scale model tests compare unlined, composite-lined, and dense-composite-lined tunnels, resolving load transfer among rock bolts and lining layers.
59. Model test research on the uneven stress and deformation characteristics of high-speed railway tunnel bottom structures
Core Problem: High-speed railway tunnel bottoms can fail under surrounding-rock softening, swelling, and train-induced vibration.
Key Innovation: A 1:25 model test identifies stress redistribution, invert deformation, and failure modes under multiple tunnel-bottom working conditions.
60. Vehicle-induced vibration and damage characteristics of ballastless track in subgrade settlement zone at 400 km/h
Core Problem: Ballastless tracks over subgrade settlement zones experience coupled structural damage and vehicle-track vibration at very high speeds.
Key Innovation: A nonlinear vehicle-track-subgrade model with damage plasticity and interlayer separation predicts vibration and damage at 400 km/h.
61. Seismic response analysis of retaining walls based on Pasternak model
Core Problem: Retaining wall seismic response depends on soil-structure interaction that simplified foundation representations may miss.
Key Innovation: A Pasternak-model-based seismic response analysis is developed for retaining walls.
62. A closed-form approach to assess the mutual effects between base isolation (BI) and soil-structure interaction (SSI)
Core Problem: Base-isolated structures can be strongly affected by soil deformability, but design tools rarely express BI and SSI interaction in closed form.
Key Innovation: A closed-form period-elongation approach relates isolation ratio, isolator properties, and soil conditions for low-rise regular structures.
63. Effects of Ground Motion Characteristics on the Seismic Response of Rock Tunnels with Different Cross-Sectional Shapes
Core Problem: Tunnel cross-section shape controls seismic force concentration and damage potential under different ground motions.
Key Innovation: Finite-element models and a new impact index compare circular, horseshoe, D-shaped, and square rock tunnels under nine earthquake records.
64. Perceived earthquake knowledge, awareness, and preparedness in a seismic risk–prone city of Bangladesh
Core Problem: Urban seismic risk reduction depends on public knowledge and preparedness, which can vary sharply across exposed populations.
Key Innovation: A survey-based study assesses earthquake knowledge, awareness, and preparedness in a seismic-risk-prone Bangladeshi city.
65. Public Narrative Analysis for Disaster Resilience Building: Evidence from Morocco Earthquake
Core Problem: Disaster resilience after major earthquakes is shaped by public narratives as well as engineering recovery.
Key Innovation: Narrative analysis of Morocco earthquake discourse identifies communication patterns relevant to resilience building.
66. From Understanding Disaster Risk to Risk Reduction Solutions
Core Problem: Disaster-risk scholarship often separates understanding risk from implementing reduction solutions.
Key Innovation: A review connects risk understanding to practical reduction pathways across disaster-risk-management contexts.