TerraMosaic Daily Digest: May 3, 2026
Daily Summary
May 3's strongest papers treat hazard as a sequence of coupled measurements rather than a single mapped endpoint. The Matia'an River study reconstructs a typhoon-triggered rock avalanche, river dam, and outburst flood from optical imagery, InSAR, seismic timing, rainfall, and runout evidence; the Spain study converts national MT-InSAR point clouds into validated classes of unstable ground. Landslide risk is resolved at residential-community scale in Lanzhou and under return-period rainfall in Xinning, while landslide-deposit hydrogeophysics links failure deposits to groundwater pathways and redox risk. Together these papers make deformation, exposure, and environmental consequence part of the same evidential chain.
The rest of the issue is organized by coupled forcing. Seismic work spans soft-soil subsidence, site-specific strong-motion generation, a common task framework for seismic wavefields, and mantle-scale imaging of Myanmar's oblique subduction system. Hydrometeorological and wildfire studies quantify rain-on-snow flood conditions, cyclone impacts on power supply, smoke-driven ozone mortality, and scenario-dependent soil erosion. Underground and rock-mechanics papers focus on tunnel settlement, TBM support safety, strainburst mitigation, freeze-thaw rock degradation, liquefaction resistance, cavern creep, and lifeline response under faulting or coupled service loads. GeoAI contributions are strongest where they solve scarcity or domain-shift problems in damage detection, SAR localization, LiDAR segmentation, 3D change detection, and operational map updating.
Key Trends
The common thread is measurement discipline: each method is useful when it preserves the forcing, material state, or asset scale needed for risk decisions.
- Hazard chains are reconstructed across sensors: the leading landslide paper combines pre-failure deformation, rainfall, seismic timing, runout, damming, and breach evidence; the national InSAR paper classifies deformation processes rather than stopping at velocity fields.
- Asset-scale exposure is no longer peripheral: residential communities, power zones, communication systems, pipelines, tunnels, tanks, and railway embankments are treated as mechanical or functional objects with specific failure modes.
- Water acts as both trigger and state variable: rainfall return periods, rain-on-snow events, reservoir-bank deformation, redox flow paths, snow-cover fusion, SWOT discharge, absolute gravity, saturation, pore pressure, and wetting deformation all appear as measurable controls on hazard behaviour.
- Dynamic loading is analysed through coupled mechanics: earthquake shaking, train loading, blasting, cyclic traffic, wind-wave-current-earthquake combinations, impact loads, freeze-thaw cycling, and cavern pressure histories are represented with models that include soil, rock, water, or structural interaction.
- GeoAI is most valuable under scarce labels and shifting domains: SAM adapters for building damage, seismic-wavefield benchmarks, strong-motion generation, SAR language localization, weather-aware point-cloud augmentation, and 3D change-detection datasets target deployment constraints rather than only benchmark accuracy.
Selected Papers
This issue contains 65 selected papers from 1,567 papers analyzed. The leading papers reconstruct a typhoon-triggered landslide-dam-outburst flood cascade, classify national-scale unstable ground from MT-InSAR, and quantify landslide risk under community exposure, return-period rainfall, and landslide-deposit hydrogeophysics. The broader set links seismic subsidence, strong-motion generation, rain-on-snow floods, cyclone power disruption, wildfire-smoke ozone, soil erosion scenarios, tunnel settlement, fractured-rock permeability, strainburst mitigation, freeze-thaw rock mechanics, and GeoAI methods for damage, SAR, LiDAR, and 3D change mapping.
1. Remote sensing reconstruction of a typhoon-induced landslide–river damming–outburst flood cascade in the Matia’an River, Taiwan
Core Problem: Cascading landslide hazards are often reconstructed after the fact from incomplete observations, leaving the transition from slope acceleration to dam breach poorly constrained.
Key Innovation: The Matia'an River study combines multitemporal optical imagery, InSAR, seismic waveforms, rainfall records, and runout analysis to recover the full rock avalanche-dam-outburst sequence and its pre-failure deformation.
2. Beyond the European Ground Motion Service: Identification and Classification of Unstable Areas at the National Level
Core Problem: Open MT-InSAR products contain dense deformation points, but national hazard interpretation requires clustering, process classification, and validation rather than raw velocity maps.
Key Innovation: European Ground Motion Service data are transformed into validated active deformation areas across Spain, using ADAtools and ancillary data to classify unstable ground at national scale.
3. Dual-encoder multiscale transformer fusion network for landslide detection integrating Sentinel-2 spectral and topographic clues
Core Problem: Automated landslide mapping still struggles to combine spectral cues, topographic controls, long-range context, and computational efficiency.
Key Innovation: DMTFNet uses dual encoders for Sentinel-2 and DEM features and a multiscale Transformer decoder to fuse terrain and spectral evidence for landslide detection.
4. Residential community-based quantitative risk assessment of rainfall-induced loess landslides for the suburban residential areas of Chengguan district in Lanzhou city with an innovative framework
Core Problem: Urbanizing loess hillslopes need risk estimates tied to residential exposure, not only susceptibility classes.
Key Innovation: The Lanzhou framework quantifies hazard, exposure, potential value affected, landslide probability, magnitude, and intensity at residential-community scale.
5. Sensitivity evaluation and prediction of extreme rainfall-induced landslides in Xinning, Hunan, China, using Gumbel extreme value theory and random forest model
Core Problem: Static susceptibility maps do not capture how landslide sensitivity changes under different return-period rainfall extremes.
Key Innovation: Gumbel extreme-value rainfall scenarios, CHIRPS data, Google Earth Engine, certainty factors, and random forests are combined to predict landslide sensitivity under 5- to 100-year rainfall conditions.
6. Spatial heterogeneity of redox conditions in a landslide deposit revealed by electrical resistivity tomography and self-potential methods: implications for environmental risks of landsliding
Core Problem: The environmental role of landslide deposits remains poorly resolved because subsurface groundwater and redox structures are hard to observe directly.
Key Innovation: Electrical resistivity tomography and self-potential surveys reveal groundwater pathways and redox heterogeneity in a Hokkaido landslide deposit, linking landsliding to aquatic geochemical risk.
7. Blasting vibration response of rock slopes under the influence of slope gradient and occurrence of weak interlayers
Core Problem: Rock slopes with weak interlayers can respond nonlinearly to blasting, but design often lacks field-calibrated dynamic parameters.
Key Innovation: In-situ blasting tests, SHPB experiments, and validated dynamic finite-element modelling quantify how slope gradient and weak-layer occurrence control vibration response and stability.
8. A simple method to estimate seismic subsidence in soft soil under amplitude non-stationary seismic action
Core Problem: Seismic design methods have limited guidance for estimating soft-soil subsidence under time-varying earthquake amplitudes.
Key Innovation: A simplified method embeds amplitude-nonstationary acceleration into subsidence estimation and validates the formulation against centrifuge and dynamic evidence.
9. The Seismic Wavefield Common Task Framework
Core Problem: Machine-learning progress in seismic wavefields is difficult to compare because tasks, data splits, and metrics are inconsistent.
Key Innovation: The Common Task Framework defines curated wavefield tasks, benchmark datasets, and evaluation protocols for seismic state forecasting and reconstruction.
10. TimesNet-Gen: Deep Learning-based Site Specific Strong Motion Generation
Core Problem: Seismic risk analysis needs realistic site-specific accelerograms, but many generators depend on explicit conditioning or local fine-tuning.
Key Innovation: TimesNet-Gen uses self-supervised pretraining and station-restricted latent resampling to synthesize site-specific strong motions with cross-regional generalization.
11. ELDSAM: Enhancing SAM With Wavelet-Domain Adapter Using Extremely Limited Data for Building Damage Change Detection
Core Problem: Emergency damage mapping cannot assume abundant labelled samples immediately after a disaster.
Key Innovation: ELDSAM adapts SAM with a wavelet-domain adapter and limited labels, preserving foundation-model capability while improving building-damage change detection.
12. Characterization of rain-on-snow events in the Cantabrian Mountains (1985–2020)
Core Problem: Rain-on-snow hazards remain under-documented in many mid-latitude mountain regions despite their flood relevance.
Key Innovation: CERRA-Land reanalysis is used to identify 501 rain-on-snow events in the Cantabrian Mountains and characterize their elevation, seasonality, and runoff-risk structure.
13. Landfalling tropical cyclones significantly reduce Bangladesh's energy security
Core Problem: Cyclone risk to power systems is rarely quantified from operational demand-met records at national and regional scales.
Key Innovation: Cyclone tracks, reanalysis and satellite hazard proxies, and daily power-demand records quantify demand deficits across Bangladesh power-planning zones.
14. Growing impacts of fire smoke on ozone pollution and associated mortality burden in the United States
Core Problem: Wildfire-smoke health assessments often emphasize PM2.5 while neglecting smoke-driven ozone.
Key Innovation: Surface observations, satellite data, and machine-learning correction isolate smoke contributions to ground-level ozone and estimate associated excess mortality across the United States.
15. Soil Erosion Risk Spatiotemporal Changes and Predictions Under Multiple Development Scenarios: A Case Study of the Weihe River Basin
Core Problem: Future soil erosion under competing development pathways requires coupled land-use and erosion simulation rather than static inventories.
Key Innovation: Patch-generating land-use simulation and the Chinese Soil Loss Equation are linked to forecast erosion risk under multiple development scenarios on the Loess Plateau.
16. Vegetation evolution patterns driven by climate and geohazard based on the continuous change detection and classification algorithm
Core Problem: Hydropower reservoirs in fragile terrain need joint interpretation of deformation, vegetation dynamics, and environmental drivers.
Key Innovation: Sentinel-1 SBAS-InSAR, CCDC, and geographic-detector analysis connect geological disaster density with vegetation evolution around the Xiaowan reservoir.
17. Simulation of Shield Tunnelling Based on Continuous-Discontinuous Coupling Method and Analysis of Its Impact on Ground Settlement
Core Problem: Shield construction parameters control settlement, but critical excavation zones involve large soil deformation that continuum models may miss.
Key Innovation: A continuous-discontinuous coupled model combines finite-difference efficiency with discrete-element treatment of large deformation to resolve excavation-face mechanics and surface settlement.
18. Estimating three-dimensional permeability of fractured rock mass using electrical resistivity-constrained discrete fracture network
Core Problem: Three-dimensional fractured-rock permeability is difficult to estimate from sparse structural and geophysical observations.
Key Innovation: Electrical-resistivity constraints are integrated with discrete fracture network modelling to infer 3D permeability in fractured rock masses.
19. Mitigating strainburst in roadways using segmented variable-diameter destressing boreholes: An investigation into zonal fracture response
Core Problem: Uniform destressing boreholes can either under-relieve stress or over-damage the roadway rock mass.
Key Innovation: Segmented variable-diameter destressing boreholes are tested against burst thresholds, ejection velocity, crater morphology, and zonal fracture response.
20. Trends in US climate-related disasters: evidence based on fractional integration over the last forty years
Core Problem: Long disaster records contain low-frequency persistence that standard trend tests may obscure.
Key Innovation: Fractional-integration analysis is applied to four decades of US climate-related disasters to quantify persistence and trend behaviour.
21. Pn Velocity Structure and Anisotropy of the Uppermost Mantle Beneath Myanmar
Core Problem: Myanmar's oblique subduction system requires mantle-scale constraints to interpret deformation, volcanism, and seismicity.
Key Innovation: Pn arrivals from new temporary arrays and catalog data image velocity and anisotropy anomalies linked to slab penetration, tearing, mantle upwelling, and antigorite fabric.
22. Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and associated factors of seismic resilience in western China using machine learning
Core Problem: Earthquake resilience assessments often lack dynamic multi-year evaluation of socioeconomic and infrastructure controls.
Key Innovation: Entropy weighting, kernel density estimation, and machine learning quantify 2000-2024 resilience trajectories and drivers across western China.
23. Research on rock fracture pattern recognition based on convolutional neural networks and digital image correlation
Core Problem: Rock failure modes are critical for engineering stability but still require laborious visual interpretation.
Key Innovation: Digital image correlation deformation fields and CNN segmentation are combined to recognize fracture modes from laboratory rock tests.
24. Research on calculation method of slip fixture parameters of slope anchor cable compensation tensioning equipment based on contact mechanics
Core Problem: Slope anchor cables can become too short in service, weakening compensation tensioning and support reliability.
Key Innovation: A contact-mechanics formulation converts slip-tooth interaction into plane-strain analysis and evaluates tensile force, yield risk, and fixture safety factors.
25. A 3D two-way coupled DEM-FEM simulation framework for sediment faulting and salt deformation under ice loading
Core Problem: Glacially loaded salt basins involve coupled brittle sediment faulting and viscous salt flow that single-domain models cannot capture.
Key Innovation: A Python-scripted DEM-FEM two-way coupling framework simulates how ice loading reorganizes salt mobility, fault density, and deformation partitioning.
26. Analysis and prediction on the long-term deformation of the tunnel foundation in diatomite stratum based on creep effect
Core Problem: Tunnel foundations in creep-prone diatomite can deform over long periods after construction.
Key Innovation: Field monitoring and creep modelling are used to analyze and predict long-term foundation deformation in a mountain tunnel setting.
27. Evaluation of in situ shear wave velocity anisotropy in clayey ground using multicomponent surface wave measurements
Core Problem: Non-invasive characterization of stiffness anisotropy remains difficult for geotechnical infrastructure sites.
Key Innovation: Multicomponent active and passive surface-wave data are jointly inverted with modified anisotropic parameterization and checked against logging and laboratory measurements.
28. Knowledge-graph-based bayesian analysis framework for construction safety analysis: taking collapse accident as an example
Core Problem: Collapse accidents involve uncertain, multi-factor causal chains that are difficult to encode with conventional risk tools.
Key Innovation: A knowledge graph built from 1164 official accident records drives Bayesian-network structure learning and is cross-checked with finite-element mechanism analysis.
29. A Comprehensive Review of Seismic Resilience of Communication Systems: An Earthquake Engineering Perspective
Core Problem: Modern disaster response depends on communication systems whose seismic functionality and interdependencies are hard to quantify.
Key Innovation: The review organizes component functionality, system recovery, infrastructure interdependency, and decision frameworks for communication resilience under earthquakes.
30. Curlew 1.0: Spatio-temporal implicit geological modelling with neural fields in python
Core Problem: Structural geological modelling must integrate sparse constraints, uncertainty, and event order without losing geological realism.
Key Innovation: Curlew implements temporally linked neural fields with value, gradient, tangent, inequality, and global geological loss constraints in an open-source Python package.
31. Numerical strategies for representing Richards' equation and its couplings in snowpack models
Core Problem: Richards-equation snowpack schemes can become numerically unstable in dry-to-wet transitions and coupled heat-water problems.
Key Innovation: New numerical strategies represent dry and wet snow within coupled heat conduction, phase change, and liquid percolation while reducing nonphysical overshoots.
32. U-Agent: A Point Cloud Segmentation Network Based on Local Feature Enhancement and Agent Attention for Global Modeling
Core Problem: Transformer point-cloud models improve context but often lose practical efficiency or global structure.
Key Innovation: U-Agent combines local feature enhancement with agent attention to retain global modelling in LiDAR semantic segmentation at lower computational cost.
33. TVLightFormer: A Lightweight Cross-Modal Transformer for Language-Guided Target Localization in SAR Imagery
Core Problem: SAR interpretation for emergency and defense contexts requires lightweight cross-modal localization despite speckle and geometric distortion.
Key Innovation: TVLightFormer pairs MobileNetV3, TinyBERT, grouped-query attention, and a lightweight feature pyramid for edge-oriented SAR target localization.
34. PhyDAWS: Physically-inspired data augmentation with weather simulation for domain-generalized point cloud segmentation
Core Problem: Point-cloud segmentation degrades in adverse weather because standard augmentation ignores LiDAR-atmosphere physics.
Key Innovation: PhyDAWS simulates rain, snow, fog, attenuation, and scattering to improve domain-generalized point-cloud segmentation under weather shifts.
35. Hierarchical Category Refinement for remote sensing segmentation: A new task, benchmark datasets, and the CG-HCAN framework
Core Problem: Coarse semantic labels limit fine-scale hazard and land-surface mapping in high-resolution imagery.
Key Innovation: The HCR task, benchmark datasets, and CG-HCAN framework refine coarse labels into hierarchical categories using CLIP-guided semantic graphs and boundary priors.
36. MISNet: Multi-task interaction Siamese network for 3D point cloud semantic change detection
Core Problem: 3D change detection needs both semantic labels and change types, but realistic annotated datasets are scarce.
Key Innovation: HKSCD and UtrechtCD provide 370 million labelled points, and MISNet couples semantic segmentation with change detection through multi-task interaction.
37. Operational change detection for geographical information: Overview and challenges
Core Problem: Change-detection systems often stop at alerts and do not meet operational needs for semantic interpretation and database update.
Key Innovation: The review organizes rule-based, statistical, machine-learning, and simulation methods and identifies requirements for interpretable operational change-detection pipelines.
38. From a new fault-related calcite geochronological perspective to reviewing the episodic brittle deformation of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Core Problem: Timing brittle faulting is central to reconstructing active continental deformation but remains difficult in multi-stage fault systems.
Key Innovation: Fault-related calcite geochronology is synthesized to date deformation episodes and reinterpret southeastern Tibetan Plateau tectonic evolution.
39. Joint-level response of buried segmented ductile iron pipelines under strike-slip faulting
Core Problem: Buried lifelines can fail at joints during surface faulting, but response depends on fault geometry, soil type, and joint position.
Key Innovation: Finite-element simulations isolate pullout, interlocking, rotation, and stress mechanisms for ductile-iron pipelines under strike-slip displacement.
40. Anisotropic Characteristics of Layered Rock Under Freeze–Thaw Cycles—Part 1: Experimental Insights
Core Problem: Layered rocks in cold regions can lose strength anisotropically under repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Key Innovation: Triaxial tests across bedding orientations and confining pressures quantify freeze-thaw effects on strength, brittleness, deformation, and failure modes.
41. Macroscopic and microscopic mechanism of liquefaction resistance of quasi-saturated sand: insights from DEM simulations
Core Problem: Desaturation can mitigate liquefaction, but the micro-mechanical mechanisms under cyclic loading remain uncertain.
Key Innovation: DEM simulations with gas-water compressibility link degree of saturation, cyclic stress, energy dissipation, and microstructure to liquefaction resistance.
42. A review of time-dependent behavior of poroelasticity in energy geosciences: Integrating physical mechanisms with machine learning frameworks
Core Problem: Subsurface energy systems share poroelastic physics but are often studied in fragmented application-specific literatures.
Key Innovation: The review unifies poroelastic response through dimensionless observation-time ratios and connects physical mechanisms with machine-learning frameworks.
43. Support safety assessment system of open tunnel boring machine tunnel in rheological strata based on data and knowledge dual-driven model
Core Problem: Open TBM tunnels in creeping ground can experience progressive support stress and delayed safety loss.
Key Innovation: Field monitoring, machine learning, expert authority weighting, and knowledge-driven assessment are combined for visual support-safety evaluation.
44. Triaxial Compressive Properties and Deformation Behavior of Cemented Tailings Backfill-Rock: Effect of Interface Angle, Interface Geometry and Cement Content
Core Problem: Backfill-rock interfaces control stope stability, but their strength depends on interface angle, roughness, and cement content.
Key Innovation: Triaxial tests quantify shear behaviour and deformation transitions of cemented tailings backfill-rock specimens under varied interface geometry.
45. Impact of pressure solution creep on the performance of salt caverns for underground hydrogen storage
Core Problem: Hydrogen storage caverns must account for long-term salt deformation under realistic geometry, depth, and temperature conditions.
Key Innovation: SafeInCave simulations integrate dislocation and pressure-solution creep to evaluate cavern deformation across operating scenarios.
46. Investigation on the time-dependent creep behaviors of the rock mass around compressed air energy storage caverns under long-term operating conditions
Core Problem: Compressed-air energy storage requires prediction of time-dependent cavern deformation under long-term pressure cycling.
Key Innovation: Burgers viscoelastic analysis, storage model tests, and PSO-calibrated rheology quantify creep behaviour around high-pressure underground caverns.
47. Load transfer mechanism and constant-resistance prediction method of a large-deformation bolt
Core Problem: Rock support in large-deformation ground needs predictable constant resistance rather than brittle overload.
Key Innovation: A sleeve-cone CRLD bolt is analysed through theory and finite elements to derive its radial plastic deformation and constant-resistance mechanism.
48. High-resolution Digital Outcrop Dataset of a Fossil Hyperextended Rifted Margin, Swiss Alps
Core Problem: Field structural mapping of complex faulted outcrops is limited by access, resolution, and reproducibility.
Key Innovation: Twelve UAV-derived digital outcrop models from the Swiss Alps provide centimeter- to decimeter-scale point clouds, meshes, orthomosaics, and DEMs for structural interpretation.
49. GSV-SRTS: a heterogeneous landscape soil-canopy reflectance model over sloping terrain with an extended GSV and stochastic radiative transfer theory
Core Problem: Mountain relief distorts canopy-soil reflectance and can bias retrievals used in terrain and vegetation monitoring.
Key Innovation: GSV-SRTS extends stochastic radiative transfer to sloping heterogeneous landscapes and evaluates subpixel soil-canopy reflectance against DART simulations.
50. A synthetic data generation framework for deep learning-based LiDAR forest structure analysis
Core Problem: Annotated forest point-cloud scarcity limits deployment of deep learning for structural mapping.
Key Innovation: A Digital Cousins and Sim2Real framework creates Boreal3D synthetic plots across airborne, UAV, mobile, and terrestrial LiDAR settings.
51. Forest aboveground biomass estimation through integration of sentinel-2 and PALSAR-2 time series: assessing models trained on GEDI and field inventory benchmarks
Core Problem: Dense mountainous forests challenge biomass estimation because optical signals saturate and field calibration is sparse.
Key Innovation: Sentinel-2, PALSAR-2, topography, GEDI, field inventory, and explainable machine learning are compared for aboveground biomass mapping.
52. Species-specific aboveground biomass estimation using semantic segmentation of UAV photogrammetric point clouds
Core Problem: Species-specific biomass at plant scale remains hard to retrieve across Mediterranean vegetation mosaics.
Key Innovation: UAV photogrammetric point clouds are segmented, classified by species, and linked to biomass regressions at individual-plant level.
53. A global continuous 500 m nighttime light dataset (1992–2024) via NDVI-guided DMSP-OLS correction and U-TransNet cross-sensor harmonization
Core Problem: DMSP-OLS and VIIRS nighttime-light records are difficult to harmonize because of saturation and cross-sensor differences.
Key Innovation: A global 500 m 1992-2024 dataset uses NDVI-guided DMSP correction and U-TransNet cross-sensor mapping to produce continuous nighttime-light time series.
54. From Single-Look to Multi-Temporal SAR Despeckling: A Latent-Space Guided Transfer Learning Approach
Core Problem: Speckle limits fine SAR interpretation, and multi-temporal networks can overfit or smooth details with limited samples.
Key Innovation: A latent-space transfer approach aligns single-image and multi-temporal despeckling representations to exploit temporal redundancy while preserving structure.
55. Coupled dynamics and resonance mitigation of submerged floating tunnel roadways under transient impact loads in marine environments
Core Problem: Submerged floating tunnels face resonance risk when wave or collision loads overlap structural frequencies.
Key Innovation: A passive roadway-tunnel vibration isolation system is represented by a coupled dynamic model to suppress transient resonance amplification.
56. Fully coupled dynamic simulations of uncompacted railway embankments under train loading
Core Problem: End-tipped railway embankments can accumulate deformation and pore pressure under train loading.
Key Innovation: Fully coupled dynamic simulations with solid displacement, fluid displacement, and pore pressure resolve train-induced stress migration and hydraulic response.
57. Influence of earthquake duration on the non-linear slosh dynamics of chamfered bottom liquid tanks using Mixed-Eulerian Lagrangian approach
Core Problem: Ground-motion duration effects on nonlinear sloshing in irregular storage tanks remain poorly understood.
Key Innovation: A mixed-Eulerian-Lagrangian nonlinear model evaluates chamfered-bottom tanks under short- and long-duration earthquake records.
58. Physics-informed neural networks with learning-rate scheduling and domain decomposition for forward and inverse analysis of offshore flexible piles under complex loading
Core Problem: Complex lateral loading and partial exposure make pile response difficult to infer from sparse monitoring.
Key Innovation: Physics-informed neural networks with learning-rate scheduling and domain decomposition solve forward and inverse Winkler-beam pile problems.
59. Time-Lapse Absolute Gravity Measurements Unveil Subsurface Water Content Variations in Central Italy
Core Problem: Separating gravity changes caused by water storage from deformation requires joint geodetic and hydrological evidence.
Key Innovation: Repeated absolute-gravity campaigns, Sentinel-1 permanent scatterers, rainfall, wells, and satellite products identify subsurface water-content variations.
60. Multi‐Sensor Spatiotemporal Fusion for 30‐m Daily Gapless Snow Cover Mapping
Core Problem: Mountain snow monitoring is limited by cloud gaps and sparse high-resolution observations.
Key Innovation: An adaptive multi-sensor time-series fusion framework generates 30 m daily gapless snow-cover maps from coarse and fine remote-sensing inputs.
61. Comparing Assimilation of Remotely Sensed Discharge Derived From SWOT and Landsat Into a Global Hydrological Model
Core Problem: SWOT-derived discharge has not been fully tested inside global hydrological model assimilation workflows.
Key Innovation: SWOT and Landsat remotely sensed discharge products are assimilated and compared in a global hydrological model over the Missouri River basin.
62. Experimental study of swelling-induced crack self-sealing process in claystone samples with indirect water injection process
Core Problem: Long-term confinement depends on whether clay-rich host rocks can self-seal fractures under realistic hydration paths.
Key Innovation: An indirect water-injection experiment measures swelling pressure and permeability evolution during crack closure in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone.
63. Metamodel for porous rock: Porosity and water-weakening controls on brittle–ductile transition in sandstones
Core Problem: Water and porosity control rock deformation modes, but their influence is rarely mapped across full mechanical-property space.
Key Innovation: A reduced elastoplastic metamodel quantifies brittle-ductile and localized-diffuse transition controls across natural and synthetic sandstones.
64. Mechanical response of buried corroded pipelines under coupled soil, traffic, and internal fluid loads
Core Problem: Urban buried pipelines experience coupled corrosion, traffic, soil pressure, and internal fluid loading.
Key Innovation: A validated 3D finite-element model resolves the coupled mechanical response of corroded pipelines and surrounding soil under realistic loading.
65. Wetting deformation prediction of compacted lateritic clay subjected to dynamic loading
Core Problem: Moisture variation can accelerate permanent deformation in subgrades under traffic loading.
Key Innovation: Repeated-load triaxial tests, SEM, NMR, and prediction models relate moisture content to modulus degradation and plastic strain accumulation.