TerraMosaic Daily Digest: May 5, 2026
Daily Summary
May 5's papers sharpen the boundary between precursor, trigger, and response. The strongest earthquake contribution shows that foreshock-driven slip transients can set the timing and length of mainshock nucleation, while the Kamchatka, Mendocino, and Hellenic studies separate depth-dependent megathrust cycling, foreshock scarcity, and slab-interface stress decoupling. The landslide and debris-flow papers move from map products toward process constraints: weathering progression reorganizes rainfall-induced granite-slope failure, water-rich landslides are simulated through shear-fluidization physics, Swiss channel surveys connect debris-flow erosion to bed strength and permeability, and mining ground fissures are shown to transform gully headcuts into pore-pressure-driven collapse.
Cold-region and high-mountain work treats hazard as a coupled sediment-water-thermal problem: thermokarst disturbances seasonally dominate sediment export, glacial lakes expand under hydrothermal forcing, glacier inventories expose rapid mass loss, and permafrost embankment and soil-temperature studies show how sub-grid heterogeneity can become engineering risk. Operational papers emphasize transferability and uncertainty rather than isolated accuracy: zero-shot SAM-based disaster localization, fire-centered wildfire uncertainty, nighttime-light outage detection, satellite super-resolution, UAV infrared detection, and domain-robust urban mapping all ask whether remote-sensing products survive deployment outside curated benchmarks. The infrastructure set links underground and built-system risk to material interfaces, ventilation, karst excavation, tunnel faults, emergency shelter power demand, earthquake logistics, seismic losses, and wildfire Natech pathways.
Key Trends
The day is defined by mechanistic triggers, deployable uncertainty, and infrastructure-scale failure pathways.
- Earthquake forecasting is constrained by what precursors can actually do: foreshock-induced laboratory slip transients, foreshock-poor transform events, heterogeneous megathrust recurrence, and intraslab stress decoupling all narrow the physical conditions under which short-term signals may matter.
- Landslide studies are becoming more mechanical and less purely cartographic: weathering-layer thickness, shear dilatancy, sediment permeability, fissure-controlled seepage, local rainfall mismatch, and debris-flow channel strength are treated as causal variables rather than background covariates.
- High-mountain change is framed as sediment and water redistribution: thermokarst source tracing, glacial lake expansion, glacier inventories, surge-type glacier monitoring, permafrost soil heat transfer, and ventilated embankments connect cryospheric change to downstream exposure and infrastructure design.
- Remote-sensing AI is judged by transfer, uncertainty, and operational geography: zero-shot disaster localization, wildfire boundary uncertainty, nighttime-light outage baselines, satellite super-resolution, UAV infrared detection, impervious-surface domain shifts, and hyperspectral classification all target out-of-distribution use.
- Infrastructure risk is moving to interfaces and service continuity: tunnel faults, karst cutter loads, anchorage interfaces, tunnel fires, hydrogen leakage, seismic building losses, shelter electricity demand, humanitarian logistics, and wildfire Natech pathways are modelled as linked material-service failure modes.
Selected Papers
This issue contains 63 selected papers from 1,528 papers analyzed. The leading papers connect foreshock-driven earthquake nucleation, global and local debris-flow susceptibility, weathering-controlled rainfall slope failure, deep-seated slope deformation, shear-fluidized landslide mobility, fissure-driven gully collapse, and permafrost sediment export. The broader set spans glacial lake and glacier change, wildfire spread uncertainty, wildfire Natech pathways, zero-shot disaster localization, nighttime-light outage detection, emergency shelter power demand, earthquake logistics, seismic loss, tunnel fault detection, karst excavation, tunnel fire behaviour, hydrogen leakage underground, and remote-sensing methods for super-resolution, UAV infrared detection, domain-robust urban mapping, and hyperspectral classification.
1. Foreshock-induced slip transients set mainshock nucleation timing
Core Problem: Foreshocks are widely observed before some earthquakes, but their mechanical role in controlling rupture nucleation time and length has remained unresolved.
Key Innovation: Laboratory experiments and a rate-and-state Griffith-like rupture framework show that foreshock-induced slip transients set nucleation duration, nucleation length, and the detectability of impending dynamic rupture.
2. Assessing Debris-Flow Susceptibility at Local and Global Scales: A Deep-Learning-Based Comparative Study of Sichuan, China, and Worldwide
Core Problem: Debris-flow susceptibility models often depend on region-specific inventories and complex local feature engineering, limiting transferability.
Key Innovation: A deep-learning framework builds local and global debris-flow datasets, uses a two-step negative-sample strategy, and tests whether a sparse set of public remote-sensing predictors can support unified susceptibility mapping.
3. Long-term evolution of rainfall-induced deformation modes of granite slopes controlled by weathering progression
Core Problem: Long-term weathering alters hydrological response and structural weakness in granite slopes, but its control on instability pathways is rarely isolated experimentally.
Key Innovation: Progressive physical slope models show how increasing completely weathered-layer thickness shifts failure from rapid overall sliding to shallower localized deformation controlled by suction dissipation.
4. Geomorphological mapping of the Becca d'Aver deep‐seated gravitational slope deformation (Aosta Valley, Italy) based on multi‐scale and multi‐sensor analysis
Core Problem: Deep-seated slope deformation can feed debris flows through sediment production, but active deformation, sediment connectivity, and anthropic deposits are often mapped separately.
Key Innovation: Multi-scale geomorphological mapping combines field surveys, optical data, InSAR, terrain analysis, Geological Strength Index, and connectivity modelling for the Becca d'Aver slope system.
5. Simulation of the shear fluidization behavior of high-water-content landslides using a two-phase dilatancy SPH model
Core Problem: High-water-content landslides can travel far through shear fluidization, but field-scale simulation remains sensitive to pore pressure and phase coupling.
Key Innovation: A two-phase dilatancy SPH model scales from granular-column collapse to the Shenzhen landslide, resolving liquefaction, excess pore pressure, and mobility controls on complex terrain.
6. Linking debris flow erosion to channel-bed parameters: Geotechnical and UAS-based investigation of ten channels in Switzerland
Core Problem: Debris-flow models need field constraints on how channel-bed texture, permeability, and strength regulate erosion and deposition.
Key Innovation: Repeated UAS surveys and geotechnical measurements across ten Swiss debris-flow channels link erosion magnitude to slope, catchment size, permeability, sediment strength, and channel type.
7. Failure mechanisms of gully headcuts under ground fissures: Insights from flume experiments and CFD-based multiphase flow modelling
Core Problem: Ground fissures can convert gradual gully erosion into abrupt collapse, but the hydraulic and mechanical pathways are poorly quantified.
Key Innovation: Rainfall flume tests, UAV photogrammetry, monitoring, and CFD multiphase modelling show how fissures intercept runoff, raise pore pressure, and trigger episodic block collapse.
8. Source tracing of enhanced sediment loss and its seasonal shifts in a degrading permafrost catchment
Core Problem: Permafrost catchments are producing more sediment, but the seasonal contributions of thaw slumps, streambanks, grasslands, and collapse-landslide units remain uncertain.
Key Innovation: Composite fingerprinting and seasonal hydrological observations quantify source shifts and show that disturbed thermokarst units amplify sediment loss by 1.5 to 15.6 times.
9. The 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka Megathrust: A Rapid Recurrence With Complex Heterogeneous Rupture
Core Problem: The 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake recurred too soon after the 1952 event for a simple single-cycle stress-recharge model.
Key Innovation: Teleseismic and tsunami observations resolve a deeper heterogeneous rupture patch, suggesting complementary shallow and deep megathrust subcycles.
10. Characterizing Rainfall Discrepancies Between Landslide Sites and the Nearest Rain Gauges Using Radar Estimates: A Case Study from Italy
Core Problem: Rain gauges nearest to landslide sites can misrepresent local triggering rainfall in complex terrain.
Key Innovation: An Italian case study uses radar rainfall estimates to quantify how site-scale landslide rainfall differs from the nearest gauge records used in threshold analyses.
11. Multivariate statistical assessment for mapping landslide susceptibility: a case study of the Yilan area, Taiwan
Core Problem: Practical susceptibility maps need reproducible factor screening and validation across highly active landslide terrain.
Key Innovation: A Yilan County inventory of 12,047 landslides is modelled with AHP, frequency ratio, and SAW, with slope gradient and annual rainfall emerging as dominant controls.
12. Study on the stability evaluation of loess landslides based on variable weight theory and finite interval cloud model
Core Problem: Loess landslide stability evaluation is sensitive to how qualitative and quantitative indicators are weighted.
Key Innovation: A variable-weight and finite-interval cloud model framework is applied to landslide stability evaluation to reduce rigid weighting in uncertain loess settings.
13. Glacial Lake Changes in the Donglin Tsangpo Watershed of China–Nepal Economic Corridor from 2016 to 2024
Core Problem: High mountain lake expansion can raise downstream hazard exposure, but recent small-lake growth and hydrothermal drivers require high-resolution monitoring.
Key Innovation: Sentinel-2, DEM, MODIS land-surface temperature, ERA5-Land, and lake-volume estimates document rapid lake expansion and warming-linked ablation processes from 2016 to 2024.
14. Unsupervised anomaly localization with high-resolution and time-series satellite imagery: from global disaster dataset to zero-shot model via SAM
Core Problem: Emergency mapping needs models that can locate earthquake and flood damage without disaster-specific labels or object classes.
Key Innovation: AnomalyCD adapts SAM for unsupervised time-series anomaly change detection and validates zero-shot disaster localization on a global high-resolution disaster dataset.
15. Boundary-Aware Uncertainty Quantification for Wildfire Spread Prediction
Core Problem: Wildfire spread models need uncertainty estimates that are meaningful near active fire boundaries rather than only globally calibrated.
Key Innovation: The Fire-Centered Evaluation Region protocol assesses uncertainty within operational fire zones and compares ensemble and distilled single-pass models on WildfireSpreadTS.
16. Wildfire Natech accidents in the wildland-industrial interface: Exposure pathways analysis
Core Problem: Wildfire-induced industrial accidents require exposure-pathway models that connect fire mechanisms to component failures.
Key Innovation: Stakeholder elicitation and fault-tree analysis identify flame radiation, flame contact, firebrand exposure, and fire-environment pathways for chemical-industry Natech risk assessment.
17. T-ResUNet: A deep-learning framework for spatiotemporal prediction of granular–fluid dam-break flows
Core Problem: Granular-fluid dam-break simulations are too expensive for rapid scenario analysis.
Key Innovation: T-ResUNet combines ResUNet spatial encoding and Transformer temporal modelling to forecast CFD-DEM two-phase dam-break flows over long autoregressive horizons.
18. From Rainfall to Rumors: Interpreting the 2024 Bangladesh Floods Through Numbers, Narratives, and Information Gaps
Core Problem: Flood interpretation can diverge between measured hydrological severity and public information flows.
Key Innovation: The study combines numerical flood evidence with narrative and information-gap analysis to diagnose how flood impacts were represented and contested.
19. Large Earthquakes Along the Mendocino Oceanic Transform Fault Hardly Have Any Foreshocks
Core Problem: Operational earthquake forecasting depends on whether large earthquakes have detectable short-term precursors.
Key Innovation: The Mendocino transform analysis tests foreshock occurrence before large earthquakes and finds little foreshock activity, constraining precursor-based warning expectations.
20. Stress Field and Megathrust Strength in the Western Hellenic Subduction System: Insights From the 2024 Mw 5.9 Strofades Earthquake Sequence, Greece
Core Problem: Stress partitioning between subducting and overriding plates constrains earthquake hazard and interface strength.
Key Innovation: High-precision locations and focal mechanisms from the 2024 Strofades sequence indicate intraslab rupture and a weakly coupled western Hellenic megathrust.
21. Hyperspectral Band Selection for Ground Fuel Classification for Prescribed Fires
Core Problem: Prescribed-fire risk management needs spatially explicit fuel classes that remain difficult to map from conventional imagery.
Key Innovation: Hyperspectral band selection and machine learning are used to discriminate ground fuels relevant to prescribed fire preparation and fire-behaviour assessment.
22. Long-Term Wildfire Emissions and Smoke-Plume Dynamics in Greece
Core Problem: Extreme fire seasons dominate air-quality and carbon impacts, but their spatial emission concentration is often hidden in annual totals.
Key Innovation: GFAS, MODIS fire radiative power, EFFIS burned area, and municipal-scale plume mapping quantify 2003-2025 wildfire emissions and smoke hotspots in Greece.
23. Assessing Power System Reliability Using Anomaly Detection in Daily Nighttime Light Data
Core Problem: Disaster impact evaluation needs transferable outage monitoring where grid-reliability data are sparse.
Key Innovation: Daily NASA Black Marble observations are processed with dynamic per-pixel baselines to detect outages and derive a population-weighted power-reliability index.
24. Scenario-based optimization of humanitarian supply chain distribution channels for a possible earthquake: a case study in Türkiye
Core Problem: Humanitarian supply chains in seismic regions must remain functional when buildings and transport links are disrupted.
Key Innovation: A five-stage framework screens distribution centers and routes for seismic suitability and optimizes emergency distribution channels for a possible Erzincan earthquake.
25. Structural reliability and expected economic losses in reinforced concrete dual MRF-BRB buildings
Core Problem: Seismic retrofits must be evaluated by both reliability and expected economic loss under local hazard conditions.
Key Innovation: Nonlinear dynamic analyses and FEMA P-58 loss estimation compare conventional MRF and MRF-BRB reinforced concrete buildings on Mexico City soft soils.
26. A Novel Blasting-Based Explicit Fault Interface Inversion Method: Application to the Ruihai Gold Mine
Core Problem: Tunnel construction needs rapid fault detection despite narrow observation geometry and unstable velocity inversion.
Key Innovation: A blasting-based explicit fault interface inversion method turns excavation blasts into geophysical sources and validates fault position against electromagnetic and drilling data.
27. Numerical Investigation of the Force Characteristics of Shield Cutters and the Cutterhead during Tunneling through Uneven Excavation Surfaces Caused by Karst Caves
Core Problem: Karst caves create uneven excavation surfaces that can damage shield cutters and cutterheads.
Key Innovation: Explicit dynamic simulations quantify cutter forces and cutterhead deformation while crossing karst-cave boundaries under different cutting parameters.
28. Long-term thermal stability of new ventilated embankments in snowy permafrost regions
Core Problem: Transportation embankments in snowy permafrost must prevent thaw settlement under long-term warming.
Key Innovation: Long-term thermal analysis evaluates new ventilated embankment designs for maintaining frozen foundation conditions in snowy permafrost regions.
29. Effect of wind jet in a ventilation tunnel on flame spread and extinction behaviors over sidewall confined single electrical wire
Core Problem: Tunnel ventilation can either suppress or redirect cable fires depending on wind-jet structure and confinement.
Key Innovation: Experiments derive flame-spread and extinction limits for sidewall-confined electrical wires under impinging tunnel wind jets.
30. Mechanical characteristics of anchorage interface in high hydro-sensitivity red-bed mudstone: macroscopic and microscopic investigation
Core Problem: Tunnel support in red-bed mudstone can fail along grout-rock interfaces during water-rock interaction.
Key Innovation: Slant shear and nanoindentation tests quantify how moisture changes macro shear strength and interface-zone micromechanics.
31. Estimation of the geological strength index based on synthetic rock mass model
Core Problem: Subjective GSI assignment weakens rock-mass design in tunnels, slopes, and dam-site engineering.
Key Innovation: A Hoek-Brown and 3DEC synthetic-rock-mass workflow derives quantitative GSI relations from volumetric joint count and joint friction angle.
32. Research on the joint bearing mechanism and sensitivity of surrounding rock sharing rate of buried water conveyance tunnels
Core Problem: Water-conveyance tunnel design depends on how steel lining, concrete lining, and surrounding rock share load under gaps and water pressure.
Key Innovation: Macroscopic and mesoscopic finite-element models quantify sensitivity of rock-mass sharing rate to lining thickness, initial gaps, pressure, and rock category.
33. The impact of lead-zinc mining activities on watershed environment with respect to lead (Pb) isotopes: a case study in typical mining areas of the western Qinling Mountains, China
Core Problem: Mine tailings can contaminate river sediments, but source attribution is needed for targeted watershed management.
Key Innovation: Pb isotopic fingerprinting and a binary mixing model distinguish tailings-derived lead from natural background sources in the western Qinling Mountains.
34. Probabilistic modelling of electricity demand in urban emergency shelters: A service-level hierarchy and structural uncertainty analysis
Core Problem: Shelter energy planning often relies on average demand despite large uncertainty during urban disasters.
Key Innovation: A service-level hierarchy and Monte Carlo framework model electricity demand distributions under population, climate, temporal, and service-priority scenarios.
35. Revealing time-sensitive latent public health and emotional distress topics in Reddit discourse during the 2025 Southern California wildfires
Core Problem: Public-health concerns during wildfires evolve quickly and are only partly captured by official reporting.
Key Innovation: A hierarchical topic-modelling workflow with large language model support extracts time-sensitive situational-awareness and crisis-narrative topics from Reddit discourse.
36. Multilingual public warnings: A review of an updated location-based SMS system in Estonia and its transition to language-adaptive delivery
Core Problem: Composite multilingual alerts can reduce clarity and delivery speed during emergencies.
Key Innovation: A real-world Estonian SMS warning test evaluates a transition from multi-language composite alerts to recipient-specific language-adaptive warnings.
37. Where do evacuees go? Understanding evacuation destinations in Georgia during Hurricane Milton
Core Problem: Destination regions can be overloaded during hurricane evacuations, but evacuation routing is often poorly observed.
Key Innovation: Mobile GPS point-of-interest visits are used to construct origin-destination patterns and identify social ties, hotels, malls, and distance effects in Georgia evacuation destinations.
38. Disaster Risk Planning in an Evolving Risk Landscape: Barriers and Enablers in the Integration of Land Use and Preparedness Actors
Core Problem: Disaster preparedness is weakened when land-use planners and emergency actors work through fragmented responsibilities and data channels.
Key Innovation: A Swedish scoping-study and survey analysis identifies barriers and enablers for integrating land-use planning with preparedness institutions.
39. Daily resilience of urban road transportation systems: Assessment, enhancement, and recovery
Core Problem: Urban road resilience is often assessed after major disasters rather than as a time-varying daily network property.
Key Innovation: A temporal resilience indicator, linear gain interval, and cross-network validation identify critical links and nodes for enhancement and recovery planning.
40. Experimental study on hydrogen leakage diffusion characteristics and ventilation Mitigation effect in enclosed underground parking structures
Core Problem: Hydrogen-fuel vehicles introduce explosion risk in confined underground parking facilities.
Key Innovation: Scaled experiments characterize flammable cloud concentration, spread geometry, alarm thresholds, and ventilation mitigation for underground leakage scenarios.
41. Reuse of discharged silty clay from EPB shield tunnel construction as soil conditioning material
Core Problem: Urban shield tunnelling produces large volumes of muck while requiring adaptive soil conditioning for safe excavation.
Key Innovation: A bentonite-silty-clay slurry is tested with slump, pressurized vane shear, and field trials to improve conditioned sand workability while reusing excavated material.
42. Study on the effect of insufficient secondary lining thickness on steel plates reinforcement in permeable ribbed double-arch tunnels: Simulation and experiment
Core Problem: Insufficient secondary-lining thickness can compromise tunnel performance in permeable ribbed double-arch structures.
Key Innovation: Simulation and experiments evaluate steel-plate reinforcement effects on lining mechanics under thickness-defect scenarios.
43. Comparison and optimization of tunnel cut blasting methods considering in-hole detonator locations
Core Problem: Tunnel cut blasting must form stable cavities under complex geological conditions without excessive explosive demand.
Key Innovation: Single-hole tests, excavation experiments, and numerical models compare wedge, straight, and mixed cut blasting with different detonator locations.
44. Flame morphology and maximum ceiling temperature in a longitudinally ventilated, both-ends closed urban utility tunnel
Core Problem: Closed or poorly ventilated utility tunnels can trap heat and smoke during fires.
Key Innovation: Experiments quantify flame morphology and maximum ceiling temperature in longitudinally ventilated, both-ends-closed urban utility tunnels.
45. Recycling shield mucky clay with a synergistic ternary solid waste precursor for preparing high-performance synchronous grouting material
Core Problem: Shield construction generates mucky clay that is difficult to reuse in synchronous grouting.
Key Innovation: A ternary solid-waste precursor is used to recycle shield mucky clay into grouting material for tunnel construction.
46. Study on the dynamic properties of solidified soil from multi-source solid waste and dredged sludge
Core Problem: Dredged sludge stabilized with solid waste needs fatigue and dynamic-performance evaluation before engineering reuse.
Key Innovation: Cyclic testing and microstructural analysis link moisture, loading frequency, and cementitious network evolution to dynamic shear modulus and failure behaviour.
47. Influence of gravity frames with partial-strength flush end-plate connections on the collapse fragility of steel frames
Core Problem: Collapse fragility can be misestimated when gravity-frame connections are simplified or ignored.
Key Innovation: High-fidelity structural models assess how partial-strength flush end-plate connections influence steel-frame seismic collapse risk.
48. Performance of hollow frictional fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) piles in saturated cohesionless soils using shaking table tests
Core Problem: Pile foundations in saturated sand must be evaluated under shaking-induced soil-structure interaction.
Key Innovation: Shaking-table tests quantify the performance of hollow frictional FRP piles in saturated cohesionless soils.
49. Geologic and geomorphic characteristics of Late Quaternary reverse-thrusting segmented propagation along the Minle–Yongchang Fault within the Hexi Corridor, NW China
Core Problem: Active segmented reverse faults shape regional earthquake hazard, but their late Quaternary geomorphic expression needs constraint.
Key Innovation: Geomorphic and geologic analysis resolves segmented propagation along the Minle-Yongchang Fault in northwestern China.
50. A 2025 High-Resolution Glacier Inventory of the Greater Caucasus Reveals Accelerated Area Loss
Core Problem: Rapid glacier retreat changes high-mountain water storage and potential downstream hazard conditions.
Key Innovation: PlanetScope imagery and ALOS topography produce a 2025 high-resolution inventory of 2,341 Greater Caucasus glaciers and quantify accelerated area loss.
51. Changes in Glaciers of the Vakhsh River Basin, Tajikistan Under Global Climate Change
Core Problem: Glacier loss and surge-type glacier behaviour affect runoff in the upper Amu Darya Basin.
Key Innovation: Multi-source remote sensing documents 2000-2025 glacier-area reduction, surge-type glacier prevalence, albedo change, and meltwater influence on river runoff.
52. Impact of soil heterogeneity and lateral heat fluxes on soil temperature simulations in a permafrost-affected soil
Core Problem: Land-surface models can miss active-layer deepening when sub-grid soil heterogeneity is averaged out.
Key Innovation: A two-dimensional pedon-scale model shows how organic-matter heterogeneity and lateral heat flux warm permafrost-affected soils and deepen the active layer.
53. Incorporating observed fire severity in refined emissions estimates for boreal and temperate forest fires in the carbon budget model CBM-CFS3 v1.2
Core Problem: Forest carbon models can overestimate emissions when all fires are treated as uniformly high severity.
Key Innovation: FireDMs links field biomass consumption to satellite burn-severity maps to partition survival, combustion, and fire-killed uncombusted biomass in Canadian forests.
54. Metadata, Wavelet, and Time Aware Diffusion Models for Satellite Image Super Resolution
Core Problem: Disaster response and environmental monitoring often require higher spatial detail than satellite revisit and sensor limits provide.
Key Innovation: MWT-Diff combines metadata, wavelet, and time-aware encoding with latent diffusion to reconstruct high-resolution satellite imagery while preserving boundaries and high-frequency spectra.
55. DFS-YOLO: A Dynamic Feature Collaboration and State Space Framework for UAV-Based Infrared Object Detection
Core Problem: Emergency aerial sensing must detect small, low-contrast targets under thermal clutter and scale variation.
Key Innovation: DFS-YOLO adds dynamic range calibration, scale-sequence fusion, state-space context modelling, and triple-attention fusion for UAV infrared detection.
56. Impact of Data Modality and Batch Normalization Layers on Very High-Resolution Impervious Surface Mapping Using DeepLabv3+ and U-Net Under Regional Cross-City and Cross-Season Domain Shifts
Core Problem: Urban hydrology and exposure mapping suffer when segmentation models fail across cities, seasons, and sensor modalities.
Key Innovation: DeepLabv3+ and U-Net experiments quantify how data modality and adaptive batch normalization improve very-high-resolution impervious-surface mapping under domain shifts.
57. Deep learning techniques for hyperspectral imaging classification: challenges and opportunities
Core Problem: Hyperspectral data can improve disaster and environmental classification but remain limited by dimensionality, scarce labels, and computation.
Key Innovation: The review synthesizes deep-learning strategies for hyperspectral classification, target detection, compressed sensing, and disaster-management use cases.
58. Groundwater quality assessment in south valley (Egypt) using multivariate and hydrochemical approaches
Core Problem: Groundwater development in arid regions requires separating natural weathering, salinity hazard, and pollution risks.
Key Innovation: Hydrochemical diagrams, PCA, water-quality indices, and human-risk metrics diagnose salinity, nitrate, iron, and rock-water interaction controls in Egypt's South Valley.
59. Exploring the spatio-temporal social vulnerability indicators considering the impact of internet accessibility: an example of special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia during 2019–2022
Core Problem: Disaster vulnerability models increasingly depend on access to information infrastructure as well as conventional demographic indicators.
Key Innovation: A Yogyakarta case study explores how internet accessibility modifies spatiotemporal social vulnerability indicators in a special-region disaster-risk context.
60. Ethical cascading failure in disaster management
Core Problem: Disaster-management failures can cascade through ethical, institutional, and operational decisions before physical response breaks down.
Key Innovation: The paper frames cascading ethical failure as a disaster-management risk that can be diagnosed alongside procedural and organizational vulnerabilities.
61. Reformative recovery for resilience in disaster risk management: A scoping review and analytical framework
Core Problem: Post-disaster recovery can rebuild the vulnerabilities that produced losses if it only restores pre-event conditions.
Key Innovation: A scoping review develops a reformative recovery framework around social justice, governance, community, finance, built environment, and critical services.
62. Determining the data quality-influencing characteristics of participants in volunteered geographic information campaigns – the case of maritime disasters
Core Problem: Crowdsourced geographic information can support maritime disaster response, but data quality varies with participant characteristics.
Key Innovation: A volunteered-geographic-information campaign analysis identifies participant attributes that influence data quality in maritime-disaster mapping.
63. Seismic performance and design method of concrete-filled multicellular steel tube composite shear walls connected with vertical joints
Core Problem: Composite shear-wall systems need seismic design rules for vertical-joint connections.
Key Innovation: Experimental and numerical analysis supports seismic performance assessment and design of concrete-filled multicellular steel-tube composite shear walls.